Effect of additional scapular movement on the scapular muscle activity during arm raising.

The effects of the two popular strategies, scapular adduction and depression and scapular posterior tilt, on muscle activity of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles have not been compared. This study demonstrates the effects of additional scapular adduction and depression or scapular posterior tilt movements on the activation of trapezius and serratus anterior muscles and scapular kinematics during arm raising. Eighteen asymptomatic men performed arm raising tasks with and without additional scapular movements, including scapular adduction and depression or scapular posterior tilt.

Shoulder Rotation Affects Trapezius Muscle Activity During Shoulder Horizontal Abduction.

Shoulder horizontal abduction exercise in the prone position is effective for strengthening the lower trapezius muscle. However, this exercise is difficult for patients with acute pain or those undergoing initial rehabilitation because of the postural characteristics of the exercise. This study aimed to (1) investigate the effect of a shoulder horizontal abduction exercise when performed with a different amount of shoulder rotation on the trapezius muscle activation and scapular anterior/posterior tilt angle and (2) evaluate the effect of shoulder rotation on the acromiohumeral distance while sitting.

Influence of scapular motion cues on trapezius muscle activity during Y exercise.

Background: The Y exercise is a therapeutic exercise facilitating lower trapezius muscle activity.

Objective: To identify the effects of scapular movement cues (posterior tilt vs. posterior tilt with adduction/depression) on trapezius muscle activity during Y exercise.

Effects of Intended Scapular Posterior Tilt Motion on Trapezius Muscle Electromyography Activity.

The intended scapular motion is a strategy to strengthen the lower trapezius (LT). However, few studies have explored the effects of the intended scapular posterior tilt motion on selective LT activation. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of the intended scapular posterior tilt on the electromyography (EMG) activity of trapezius muscles during prone shoulder horizontal abduction (PSHA).

Effects of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver on hamstring rotational activity and pelvic stability in females.

Background: The medial hamstring (MH) and lateral hamstring (LH) can be selectively trained through tibial internal and external rotation during prone knee flexion. However, no study has identified how a combined tibial rotation and lumbo-pelvic stability strategy influences MH and LH muscle activities.

Objective: To investigate the combined effects of tibial rotation and the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on MH and LH muscle activities as well as pelvic rotation during prone knee flexion.

Effects of Visual Biofeedback on Symmetrical Movements During Bridge Exercise With Sling.

Context: Asymmetrical movements of trunk and lower-extremity are common during the bridge exercise on the unstable condition. However, no studies have investigated whether visual biofeedback of pressing pressure on the unstable surface changes muscle activation patterns of trunk and hip extensors and pelvic rotation during the bridge exercise.

Objective: To investigate how visual biofeedback of pressing pressure influences symmetrical activity of lumbar and hip extensor and pelvic rotation.

Strategies for controlling axial shoulder rotation change shoulder muscle activity during external rotation exercises.

Background: The infraspinatus muscle has a crucial role in shoulder stability. Although axial shoulder rotation is useful for selective activation of the infraspinatus, no study has examined the influence of exercise position on axial shoulder rotation during shoulder external rotation (ER) exercises. Thus, this study investigated the muscle activity in the infraspinatus, posterior deltoid, and middle trapezius during shoulder ER exercises performed with and without controlled axial shoulder rotation in 2 different positions.

Effects of self-stretching with mobilization on shoulder range of motion in individuals with glenohumeral internal rotation deficits: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The combined effects of cross-body stretching and dorsal glide mobilization have not been examined previously, although both stretching and mobilization maneuvers are effective for improving shoulder range of motion (ROM). Thus, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of stretching with mobilization (SWM) on glenohumeral (GH) internal rotation (IR) and horizontal adduction (HA) ROM.

Methods: Forty individuals with GH IR deficits were randomized to perform simultaneous combined cross-body stretching and dorsal glide mobilization (SWM group, comprising 10 male and 10 female patients) or cross-body stretching alone (stretching group, comprising 10 male and 10 female patients).

Effects of real-time visual biofeedback of pelvic movement on electromyographic activity of hip muscles and lateral pelvic tilt during unilateral weight-bearing and side-lying hip abduction exercises.

Although neutral pelvic alignment is important for hip abduction exercises, studies exploring objectively monitored pelvic alignment on the gluteus medius (Gmed) muscle activity during hip abduction exercises, especially under weight-bearing (WB) conditions, are limited. Therefore, we examined the effects of real-time visual biofeedback (RVBF) of pelvic movement on electromyographic (EMG) activity of hip muscles and lateral pelvic tilt during unilateral WB and side-lying hip abductions. Fifteen male participants performed unilateral WB and side-lying hip abduction exercises with and without RVBF.

Influence of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion on heel-rise time during gait.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between weight-bearing (WB) and non-WB ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) and ankle movement during gait, including heel-rise time and ankle DF at heel-rise. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. Ankle DF ROM of both feet was measured under the WB and non-WB conditions.

Effect of modified bridge exercise on trunk muscle activity in healthy adults: a cross sectional study.

Design: This is a cross-sectional study.

Setting: University research laboratory.

Participants: Fifteen healthy adults (mean age: 27.

Relationship Between Weightbearing Ankle Dorsiflexion Passive Range of Motion and Ankle Kinematics During Gait.

Background: Measurement of weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion (DF) passive range of motion (PROM) has been suggested as a way to estimate ankle kinematics during gait; however, no previous study has demonstrated the relationship between ankle DF during gait and ankle DF PROM with knee extension. We examine the relationship between maximum ankle DF during gait and nonweightbearing and weightbearing ankle DF PROM with knee extension.

Methods: Forty physically active individuals (mean ± SD age, 21.

Effects of isometric hip movements on electromyographic activities of the trunk muscles during plank exercises.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isometric hip adduction and abduction on trunk muscle activity during plank exercises. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen healthy male subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects performed the traditional plank exercise (TP), plank exercise with isometric hip adduction (PHAD), and plank exercise with isometric hip abduction (PHAB) by using an elastic band.

Effects of spring-loaded crutches on gastrocnemius activity and upward displacement of the body during gait.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of spring-loaded crutches on gastrocnemius muscle activity and upper body displacement in the sagittal plane during gait. [Subjects and Methods] The study involved 12 healthy males. All subjects performed crutch gait by using spring-loaded crutches and axillary crutches.

Differences in performance on the functional movement screen between chronic low back pain patients and healthy control subjects.

[Purpose] Differences in scores on the Functional Movement Screen between patients with chronic lower back pain and healthy control subjects were investigated. [Subjects and Methods] In all, 20 chronic lower back pain patients and 20 healthy control subjects were recruited. Chronic lower back pain patients and healthy controls performed the Functional Movement Screen (deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability pushup, and rotary stability).

Reproducibility of isometric shoulder protraction and retraction strength measurements in normal subjects and individuals with winged scapula.

Background: The strength of the shoulder protractors and retractors may be compromised in individuals with winged scapula (IwWS). However, no standard approach to measuring the strength of these muscles has been described. The aim of this study was to study the intra-rater and inter-rater reproducibility of a fixed-base isometric dynamometer and to describe cutoff scores for clinically meaningful change for protraction and retraction isometric strength.

Comparison of EMG activity on abdominal muscles during plank exercise with unilateral and bilateral additional isometric hip adduction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of additional isometric hip adduction during the plank exercise on the abdominal muscles. Twenty healthy young men participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to monitor the activity of the bilateral rectus abdominis (RA), the internal oblique (IO), and the external oblique (EO) muscles.

Is there an agreement among the items of the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, learning objectives of class subjects, and physical therapists' job descriptions?

Purpose: To determine the agreement among the items of the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, learning objectives of class subjects, and physical therapists' job descriptions.

Methods: The main tasks of physical therapists were classified, and university courses related to the main tasks were also classified. Frequency analysis was used to determine the proportions of credits for the classified courses out of the total credits of major subjects, exam items related to the classified courses out of the total number of exam items, and universities that offer courses related to the Korean physical therapist licensing examination among the surveyed universities.

The effects of gait with use of smartphone on repositioning error and curvature of the lumbar spine.

[Purpose] This study evaluated the effect of smartphone use on lumbar spine repositioning error and lumbar curvature while walking on a treadmill. [Subjects] A total of 20 healthy individuals (18 males and 2 females) volunteered for this study. [Methods] The subjects walked for 20 min on a treadmill while using a smartphone.

Immediate effects of an end-range mobilization technique on shoulder range of motion and skin temperature in individuals with posterior shoulder tightness.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of an end-range mobilization technique on the range of motion of the glenohumeral internal rotation and the skin temperature of the shoulder in individuals with posterior shoulder tightness. [Subjects] Thirteen subjects with posterior shoulder tightness who had glenohumeral internal rotation deficit ≥ 15° participated. [Methods] All subjects underwent glenohumeral joint end-range mobilization intervention.

Effects of the Neurac(®) technique in patients with acute-phase subacromial impingement syndrome.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of the Neurac technique on shoulder pain, function, and range of motion in patients with acute-phase subacromial impingement syndrome. [Subjects] Thirteen patients (seven females and six males) with acute-phase subacromial impingement syndrome participated in this study. [Methods] Shoulder pain, function, and range of motion were assessed before and after the application of the Neurac technique.

The influence of gastrocnemius stretching combined with joint mobilization on weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gastrocnemius stretching combined with talocrural joint mobilization on weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion. [Subjects] Eleven male subjects with bilateral limited ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion with knee extended participated in this study. [Methods] All subjects received talocrural joint mobilization while performing gastrocnemius stretching.

Relationships among the Y balance test, Berg Balance Scale, and lower limb strength in middle-aged and older females.

Background: Older females have less dynamic postural control and muscle strength than do middle-aged females. Aging-related strength losses may limit balancing performance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the Y Balance Test (YBT) and lower limb strength to discriminate between females in 2 age groups, the relationship between YBT distance and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the degree to which performance on YBT distance is related to lower limb strength in middle-aged and older females.