Innovative strategies and challenges mosquito-borne disease control amidst climate change.

The revival of the transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases grants striking challenges to public health intensified by climate change worldwide. This inclusive review article examines multidimensional strategies and challenges linked to climate change and the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. It delves into how the biology, pathogenic dynamics, and vector distribution of mosquitoes are influenced by continuously rising temperatures, modified rainfall patterns, and extreme climatic conditions.

PharmaBench: Enhancing ADMET benchmarks with large language models.

Accurately predicting ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) properties early in drug development is essential for selecting compounds with optimal pharmacokinetics and minimal toxicity. Existing ADMET-related benchmark sets are limited in utility due to their small dataset sizes and the lack of representation of compounds used in drug discovery projects. These shortcomings hinder their application in model building for drug discovery.

Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Following Prior Infection or Vaccination.

Background: The extent to which infection versus vaccination has conferred similarly durable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity during the Omicron era remains unclear.

Methods: In a cohort of 4496 adults under continued serological surveillance throughout the first year of Omicron-predominant SARS-CoV-2 transmission, we examined incidence of new infection among individuals whose last known antigenic exposure was either recent (<90 days) or remote (≥90 days) infection or vaccination.

Results: We adjudicated 2053 new-onset infections occurring between 15 December 2021 through 22 December 2022.

Blood pressure variability supersedes heart rate variability as a real-world measure of dementia risk.

Blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) have been associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in rigorously controlled studies. However, the extent to which BPV and HRV may offer predictive information in real-world, routine clinical care is unclear. In a retrospective cohort study of 48,204 adults (age 54.

Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Serological Testing and Defining a Correlate of Protection.

Herein, we review established clinical use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody measures, which include diagnosis of recent prior infection, isolating high titer convalescent plasma, diagnosing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and booster dosing in the immunosuppressed and other populations. We then address whether an antibody correlate of protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2 has been successfully defined with the following considerations: Antibody responses in the immunocompetent, vaccine type, variants, use of binding antibody tests vs. neutralization tests, and endpoint measures.

Assessing the post hoc effectiveness of tixagevimab-cilgavimab for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background: Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Tix-Cil) was authorized for prophylaxis against COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients from December 2021 through January 2023. Real-world effectiveness for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients has been unclear.

Methods: We enrolled 911 SOT recipients into a longitudinal COVID-19 serology study, of whom 381 (42%) received ≥1 dose of Tix-Cil.

Association of blood pressure variability during acute care hospitalization and incident dementia.

Background And Objectives: Recognized as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), blood pressure variability (BPV) could be leveraged to facilitate identification of at-risk individuals at a population level. Granular BPV data are available during acute care hospitalization periods for potentially high-risk patients, but the incident ADRD risk association with BPV measured in this setting is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the relation of BPV, measured during acute care hospitalization, and incidence of ADRD.

Robust weakly supervised learning for COVID-19 recognition using multi-center CT images.

The world is currently experiencing an ongoing pandemic of an infectious disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (i.e., COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Can Clinical Symptoms and Laboratory Results Predict CT Abnormality? Initial Findings Using Novel Machine Learning Techniques in Children With COVID-19 Infections.

The rapid spread of coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has manifested a global public health crisis, and chest CT has been proven to be a powerful tool for screening, triage, evaluation and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. However, CT is not only costly but also associated with an increased incidence of cancer, in particular for children. This study will question whether clinical symptoms and laboratory results can predict the CT outcomes for the pediatric patients with positive RT-PCR testing results in order to determine the necessity of CT for such a vulnerable group.

Systematic and Comprehensive Automated Ventricle Segmentation on Ventricle Images of the Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Ventricle volume is closely related to hydrocephalus, brain atrophy, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's syndrome, and other diseases. To accurately measure the volume of the ventricles for elderly patients, we use deep learning to establish a systematic and comprehensive automated ventricle segmentation framework. The study participation included 20 normal elderly people, 20 patients with cerebral atrophy, 64 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus, and 51 patients with acquired hydrocephalus.

Potential of preparing cement clinker by adding the fluorine-containing sludge into raw meal.

Fluorine-containing sludge from semiconductor industries were one kind of hazardous wastes, there was hardly effective treatment to realize its safe disposal and utilization. This paper evaluated the potential of preparing cement clinker by adding the sludge into raw meal by a series of experiments. The results revealed 2.

Optical current sensing mechanism under a non-uniform magnetic field.

The effect of the inhomogeneous magnetic field on the Faraday rotation angle and output light intensity was analyzed using finite element simulation, at different distances between the conductor and the magneto-optical glass. The results show that under an inhomogeneous magnetic field, the magnetic birefringence effect due to the Cotton-Mouton effect decreases the output light intensity of the straight-through optical path. The Faraday rotation angle is non-linearly inversely proportional to the distance.

Oxytetracycline increases the mobility of carbon nanotubes in porous media.

Unlabelled: The effect of engineered nanoparticles on the mobility of co-existing contaminants has been increasingly studied, while the reverse effect receives little attention. This study provides results from investigating the effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the mobility of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-MWCNTs) in quartz sand (QS) columns at various solution ionic strengths (ISs) and pHs. The mobility of O-MWCNTs in QS columns was significantly enhanced by the presence of OTC under all of the tested solution conditions (IS: 0.

[Characteristics of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Downstream Columnar Sediment of Maozhou River, Shenzhen].

Based on the determinations of total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), δ N, and δ C on 12 sediment cores, the distribution characteristics and the sources of nitrogen and organic matter were analyzed in sediments from the lower reaches and main tributaries of the Maozhou River. The results showed that the average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) were 1815.37 mg·kg and 22 401.

Distinguishable co-transport mechanisms of phenanthrene and oxytetracycline with oxidized-multiwalled carbon nanotubes through saturated soil and sediment columns: vehicle and competition effects.

To date mechanisms underlying co-transports of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with contaminants have not been adequately explored, which involve complex interactions among ENMs, contaminants, and soils. This study investigated co-transport behaviors of 3 oxidized-multiwalled carbon nanotubes (o-MWCNTs) with phenanthrene (PHE) and oxytetracycline (OTC) in soil and sediment columns. Sorptions and desorptions of PHE and OTC by the o-MWCNTs were examined to facilitate the discussion of co-transport mechanisms.

Enhanced transport of CeO2 nanoparticles in porous media by macropores.

This is the first study to investigate the effect of macropores on the transport of CeO2 nanoparticles (nCeO2) in quartz sand and soil. The artificial macropore types are the vertical continuous macropore (O-O), and the vertical discontinuous macropore (O-C). The results indicated that the mobility of nCeO2 was significantly enhanced by the macropore in both quartz sand and soil, and the enhancement was greater in the continuous macropore than in the discontinuous macropore.

Transport of TiO2 nanoparticles in soil in the presence of surfactants.

This paper aimed to investigate the influences of surfactants on the nanoparticle transport behavior in soil. The transport behaviors of TiO2 nanoparticles (nTiO2) in soil with three different surfactants, including Triton X-100 (TX-100), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and cationic cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were studied. Results showed that all the three surfactants decreased the mobility of nTiO2 in soil column, which were mainly caused by the strong adsorption of surfactants on soil and nTiO2.