Calcium ion removal at different sodium chloride concentrations by free and immobilized halophilic bacteria.

Much attention has been paid to Ca ion removal by biomineralization due to the dangers of Ca on industrial processes and human health. However, Ca removal from hypersaline water by biomineralization is quite difficult due to there being few halophilic bacteria tolerating higher salinities. In this study, free and immobilized Virgibacillus massiliensis C halophilic bacteria exhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity were used to remove Ca ions from water at different NaCl concentrations.