Publications by authors named "Mingzhe Xiao"
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- LIF helps mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) grow by activating STAT3, which then induces genes needed for their pluripotency.
- However, the ERK signaling pathway, also activated by LIF, can inhibit these pluripotent genes during cell growth.
- The research shows that STAT3 moves to multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) and gets modified in a way that helps maintain mESC self-renewal by balancing ERK and GSK3β signaling, with consequences observed in the hematopoietic system of mice.
Invest New Drugs
June 2023
Article Synopsis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cancer-related cause of death globally, particularly in China, with early-stage detection significantly improving patient outcomes.
- Traditional screening methods like ultrasound, CT, and serum AFP have limitations in diagnosing HCC at early stages due to low sensitivity.
- Liquid biopsy, which involves analyzing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from blood, has emerged as a promising, noninvasive approach for the early detection of HCC and is the focus of recent research advancements.
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on evaluating treatment options for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and rare pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosis (PLC), highlighting their genomic profiles and clinical outcomes.
- Genomic analysis of PLC patients revealed significant differences in mutation rates compared to a larger cohort of lung adenocarcinoma patients, with specific pathways showing alterations.
- Treatment with anlotinib resulted in promising outcomes, including a high overall response rate and longer progression-free survival for adenocarcinoma patients compared to other treatments, indicating its potential effectiveness for this patient group.
Front Immunol
August 2022
Article Synopsis
- Early-stage laryngeal cancer (T1-2N0) shows a significant risk of recurrence, prompting a study of its genetic and immunologic characteristics.
- A total of 52 patients participated in the research, with comprehensive DNA and RNA sequencing performed to identify molecular features related to cancer relapse.
- The study discovered 469 genomic alterations linked to early-stage laryngeal cancers, highlighting that high tumor mutation burden and specific mutations correlate with shorter relapse-free survival and an impaired immune response.
Cell Prolif
September 2022
Article Synopsis
- PAPPA2 mutation is commonly found in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with a stronger anti-tumor immune response, but its effect on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is not well understood.
- Analysis of multiple patient cohorts revealed that those with PAPPA2 mutations (PAPPA2-Mut) showed significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rates (ORR) to ICIs compared to those with the normal PAPPA2 gene (PAPPA2-WT).
- The study also suggests that combining PAPPA2 mutation status with tumor mutational burden (TMB) helps better predict which patients are likely to
Environ Toxicol
October 2022
Article Synopsis
- TDRG1 levels are higher in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells compared to normal colon cells, indicating its potential role in cancer progression.
- Knockdown of TDRG1 reduces stemness in CRC cells, suggesting it may contribute to tumor growth and development.
- The study identifies a novel signaling pathway involving TDRG1, miR-873-5p, and PRKAR2, highlighting their interactions in CRC progression.
Article Synopsis
- Axin1 is a key protein in the destruction complex of the Wnt signaling pathway, crucial for various biological functions, but its regulation during Wnt activation is not well understood.
- Upon Wnt stimulation, SIRT4 moves from mitochondria to the cytoplasm to deacetylate Axin1, shutting down the destruction complex.
- The mutant form Axin1-K147R disrupts the binding of β-TrCP to the complex, causing β-catenin buildup even without Wnt, thus providing new insights into the early stages of Wnt signaling.
Invest New Drugs
August 2022
Article Synopsis
- Genomic fusions of ALK are significant targets in treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but different variants respond differently to treatment.
- A 71-year-old woman diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and liver metastases was found to have a novel CTNND1-ALK fusion through next-generation sequencing and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
- After treatment with the ALK inhibitor Alectinib, the patient showed a partial response, and her progression-free survival lasted over 15 months, highlighting a new potential option for patients with this specific fusion.
Article Synopsis
- Novel adjuvant strategies are crucial for improving outcomes in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgery, especially when dealing with ROS1 fusion-positive cases, which lack established treatment guidelines.
- Next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry were used to identify a new ROS1 fusion in a stage IIIA NSCLC patient, who then received crizotinib as adjuvant therapy.
- The patient experienced a recurrence-free survival of 29 months with minimal side effects, highlighting the potential benefits of using ROS1 inhibitors in treating this specific lung cancer type post-surgery.
Article Synopsis
- Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of the head and neck is a rare cancer type combining sarcomatoid and malignant features, with its genetic basis and tumor formation mechanisms still not fully understood.
- A study used targeted next-generation sequencing on 12 SC patients, finding that mutations in the TP53 gene were common, alongside frequent alterations in genes linked to cell cycling and key signaling pathways.
- The research indicated that 10 out of the 12 patients could potentially benefit from targeted therapies or immunotherapy, suggesting that personalized treatment could improve outcomes, although further studies with larger patient groups are needed to confirm these findings.
Article Synopsis
- Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the maxillary sinus is a very rare and aggressive form of head and neck cancer, often leading to local relapse post-surgery.
- A case study describes a patient with this type of cancer characterized by the PDCD6-TERT fusion gene, along with a history of moderate alcohol consumption and smoking.
- After undergoing surgery, the patient received a combination of TPF chemotherapy, anti-PD1 therapy, and radiotherapy, resulting in a good treatment response.
Invest New Drugs
October 2021
Article Synopsis
- Compound mutations in the EGFR gene, particularly in lung adenocarcinoma, lead to poor responses to standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
- A patient with a compound EGFR mutation (L858R/A871G) experienced rapid progression on erlotinib but responded well to icotinib, suggesting that different EGFR-TKIs may be effective depending on the specific mutation.
- This case highlights the importance of recognizing diverse responses to various EGFR-TKIs and underscores the need for further research into how these mutations affect treatment outcomes.
Invest New Drugs
August 2021
Article Synopsis
- Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is a common cancer with high mortality, primarily treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, but few targeted treatments have been effective.
- In a notable case, a patient with metastatic UBC and a rare PIK3CA M1043I mutation was treated with everolimus after surgery, leading to a complete response in just one month and over 6 months of progression-free survival.
- This case suggests the potential of the M1043I mutation as a biomarker for everolimus effectiveness, highlighting the need for further research on its mechanism and clinical applications.
Infect Genet Evol
November 2020
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed inflammatory and non-inflammatory markers in patients with severe and critical COVID-19 to understand their association with disease severity.
- Data from 46 severe and 31 critical COVID-19 patients revealed that levels of serum troponin I, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, procalcitonin, and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in critical patients, while lymphocyte counts were lower.
- The findings suggest that these biomarkers could effectively predict the severity of COVID-19, with specific areas under the ROC curve indicating their potential as prognostic tools.
Onco Targets Ther
April 2020
Article Synopsis
- Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, making effective therapies urgently needed.
- A case is highlighted of a patient with recurrent metastatic PSCC who showed significant improvement with immunotherapy, achieving over 10 months of progression-free survival, linked to high PD-L1 expression and a specific tumor mutation burden.
- This case suggests PD-L1 expression may serve as a promising biomarker for immunotherapy in PSCC, but further large-scale studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
