Synergistic Pd/Ni Dual-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Azaaryl Acetates with -Difluorinated Cyclopropanes.

We herein report the development of a novel Pd/Ni dual-catalyzed ring-opening functionalization of -difluorinated cyclopropanes (-FCPs) with azaaryl acetates. This bimetallic catalytic strategy streamlines the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of α-quaternary 2-fluoroallylic azaaryl acetates with features of a broad scope and excellent functional group tolerance, which enables the efficient late-stage transformation of natural product-derived -FCPs. The resulting α-quaternary azaaryl acetates could serve as a valuable platform to prepare other different fluoroallylic azaaryl scaffolds.

Healthy First-Degree Relatives From Multiplex Families vs Simplex Families Have Higher Subclinical Intestinal Inflammation, a Distinct Fecal Microbial Signature, and Harbor a Higher Risk of Developing Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: Unaffected first-degree relatives (FDRs) from families with ≥2 affected FDRs with Crohn's disease (CD, multiplex families) have a high risk of developing CD, although the underlying mechanisms driving this risk are poorly understood. We aimed to identify differences in biomarkers between FDRs from multiplex vs simplex families and investigate the risk of future CD onset accounting for potential confounders.

Methods: We assessed the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetic Environmental Microbial cohort of healthy FDRs of patients with CD.

Evaluating the application of ChatGPT in China's residency training education: An exploratory study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of information generated by ChatGPT for residency education in China.

Methods: We designed a three-step survey to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in China's residency training education including residency final examination questions, patient cases, and resident satisfaction scores. First, 204 questions from the residency final exam were input into ChatGPT's interface to obtain the percentage of correct answers.

Identification and Validation of PKR as a Direct Target for the Novel Sulfonamide-Substituted Tetrahydroquinoline Nonselective Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of the innate immune system. The persistent abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in numerous human diseases. Herein, sulfonamide-substituted tetrahydroquinoline derivative was identified as the most promising NLRP3 inhibitor, without obvious cytotoxicity.

Environmental Factors Associated With Risk of Crohn's Disease Development in the Crohn's and Colitis Canada - Genetic, Environmental, Microbial Project.

Background & Aims: To date, it is unclear how environmental factors influence Crohn's disease (CD) risk and how they interact with biological processes. This study investigates the association between environmental exposures and CD risk and evaluates their association with pre-disease biomarkers.

Methods: We studied 4289 healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with CD from the Crohn's and Colitis Canada - Genetic, Environmental, Microbial (CCC-GEM) project.

Associations between long-term night shift work and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study of 277,059 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Little is known about the effects of night shifts and their interactions with genetic factors on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we aim to investigate relationships between long-term night shift work exposure and COPD risk, and assess modification effects of genetic predisposition.

Methods: A total of 277,059 subjects who were in paid employment or self-employed were included in the UK Biobank.

Ratiometric fluorescence detection of the angiotensin-converting enzyme via single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots.

Efficient and rapid detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is important for preventing hypertension and the discovery of new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI). In this work, a single-excitation and double-emission biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was prepared and applied for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ACE. Fresh banyan leaves were extracted with ethanol and acetone, and the extracted solution was used as the precursor to produce the carbon quantum dots (BL-CQDs) with single-excitation and double-emission properties.

Early-life tobacco smoke exposure, genetic susceptibility and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood: A large prospective cohort study.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the relationships between early-life tobacco smoke exposures and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in later life as well as the joint effects and interactions between genetic susceptibility and early-life tobacco exposures.

Methods: We used data on in utero tobacco exposure and the age of smoking initiation to estimate the status of early-life tobacco exposure in the UK Biobank. Cox proportion hazard models were applied to estimate the associations between early-life tobacco exposure and T2D risk and investigate joint effects and interactions of early-life tobacco smoke exposure with genetic susceptibility.

Immune response and barrier dysfunction-related proteomic signatures in preclinical phase of Crohn's disease highlight earliest events of pathogenesis.

Objective: The measure of serum proteome in the preclinical state of Crohn's disease (CD) may provide insight into biological pathways involved in CD pathogenesis. We aimed to assess associations of serum proteins with future CD onset and with other biomarkers predicting CD risk in a healthy at-risk cohort.

Design: In a nested case-control study within the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetics Environment Microbial Project (CCC-GEM) cohort, which prospectively follows healthy first-degree relatives (FDRs), subjects who developed CD (n=71) were matched with four FDRs remaining healthy (n=284).

Differences in selenium concentration and bioavailability between paddy and dryland soils of China: A study based on literature collection and field sampling.

Lack systematic understanding of differences in environmental behavior of selenium between paddy and dryland soils affects Se biofortification and leads to human Se-related health risks. Therefore, this study investigated differences in Se concentration and bioavailability between paddy and dryland soils using data collected from literatures and field sampling. Our analysis showed paddy soil Se concentration in Se-rich area of China was significantly lower than that in dryland soil.

An observational study of the effects of smoking cessation earlier on the clinical characteristics and course of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Previous studies have focused on the negative effects of continued smoking on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have investigated the positive effects of long-term smoking cessation on patients suffering from acute exacerbations of COPD.

Methods: The study recruited and followed current or former smokers who had been hospitalized and diagnosed with AECOPD.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Improves Normal Fertilization Rate and Clinical Pregnancy Rate in Male Infertility.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on the normal fertilization rate of oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate of cycles in male infertility. Eighty cases of male infertility patients attending our hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were selected and divided into observation group and control group using the random number table method, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF), and the observation group was treated with ICSI.

Altered Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Are Associated With Gut Barrier Dysfunction in Healthy Relatives of Patients With Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: The gut microbiome has been suggested to play a role in gut barrier hemostasis, but data are scarce and limited to animal studies. We therefore aimed to assess whether alterations in gut microbial composition and functional pathways are associated with gut barrier function in a cohort of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease.

Methods: We used the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetic Environmental Microbial (CCC-GEM) cohort of healthy first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease.

A novel dual-channel fluorescent probe for selectively and sensitively imaging endogenous nitric oxide in living cells and zebrafish.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays various physiological and pathological roles in lots of biological processes. It is crucial to detect NO sensitively and selectively in vivo and in vitro as homeostasis of NO is closely related to various diseases. Herein, a novel dual-channel fluorescent dye (ENNH) based on dicarboxyimide anthracene was developed as a highly sensitive and selective probe to detect NO in living systems using the dual-channel fluorescence.

A Machine Learning Based Framework to Identify and Classify Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Large-Scale Population.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common serious health problem worldwide, which lacks efficient medical treatment. We aimed to develop and validate the machine learning (ML) models which could be used to the accurate screening of large number of people. This paper included 304,145 adults who have joined in the national physical examination and used their questionnaire and physical measurement parameters as model's candidate covariates.

Enzyme-free glucose sensors with efficient synergistic electro-catalysis based on a ferrocene derivative and two metal nanoparticles.

Gold electrodes (GE) were modified by the deposition of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs), followed by drop-casting of the ferrocene derivative FcCO-Glu-Cys-Gly-OH (Fc-ECG), resulting in two enzyme-free electrochemical sensors Fc-ECG/CuNPs/GE and Fc-ECG/CuNPs/GE. The ferrocene-peptide conjugate acts as an effective redox mediator for glucose oxidation, while metal nanoparticles acted as non-biological sites for glucose oxidation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out for characterization, while differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for glucose quantification.

Mechanisms underlying mercury detoxification in soil-plant systems after selenium application: a review.

Feasible countermeasures to mitigate mercury (Hg) accumulation and its deleterious effects on crops are urgently needed worldwide. Selenium (Se) fertilizer application is a cost-effective strategy to reduce Hg concentrations, promote agro-environmental sustainability and food safety, and decrease the public health risk posed by Hg-contaminated soils and its accumulation in food crops. This holistic review focuses on the processes and detoxification mechanisms of Hg in whole soil-plant systems after Se application.

A Noninvasive Prediction Model for Hepatitis B Virus Disease in Patients with HIV: Based on the Population of Jiangsu, China.

Objective: To establish a machine learning model for identifying patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through two sexual transmission routes in Jiangsu, China.

Methods: A total of 14197 HIV cases transmitted by homosexual and heterosexual routes were recruited. After data processing, 12469 cases (HIV and HBV, 1033; HIV, 11436) were left for further analysis, including 7849 cases with homosexual transmission and 4620 cases with heterosexual transmission.

A Non-Invasive Prediction Model for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Based on the Population of Northern Urumqi, China.

Background: High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and about 13% of diabetic patients eventually die of liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. The purpose of our research was to develop a non-invasive predictive model of NAFLD in adults with T2DM.

Patients And Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with T2DM during physical examination in 2018 in Urumqi were recruited, in total 40,921 cases.

Influence of age, stigma and social support on male temporary ejaculation failure on IVF oocyte retrieval day.

Objective: To explore the social and psychological factors associated with male Temporary Ejaculation Failure (TEF) during In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), with the goal of providing a theoretical basis for clinical intervention and treatment.

Methods: The study included 75 TEF patients and 223 non-TEF patients undergoing IVF treatment at the center of reproduction and genetics of Integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2019 to May 2020. A questionnaire survey was then administered to the study subjects.

Prevalence and Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nearly 10 Million Multi-Ethnic Chinese Adults.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in multi-ethnic populations of Northwest China based on Large-scale provincial health checking data.

Patients And Methods: A total of 9,745,640 Chinese aged ≥18 years in Xinjiang, the largest autonomous region of multi-ethnic in China, were enrolled from Feb. to Sep.

Identification of Potential Type II Diabetes in a Large-Scale Chinese Population Using a Systematic Machine Learning Framework.

Background: An estimated 425 million people globally have diabetes, accounting for 12% of the world's health expenditures, and the number continues to grow, placing a huge burden on the healthcare system, especially in those remote, underserved areas.

Methods: A total of 584,168 adult subjects who have participated in the national physical examination were enrolled in this study. The risk factors for type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were identified by values and odds ratio, using logistic regression (LR) based on variables of physical measurement and a questionnaire.