Perceptual choice and motor signals in mouse somatosensory cortex.

Somatosensory cortex activity relates both to sensation and movement, reflecting their intimate relationship, but the extent and nature of sensory-motor interactions in the somatosensory cortex remain unclear. Here, we investigated perception-related sensory and motor signals in the whisker areas of mouse primary (wS1) and secondary (wS2) somatosensory cortices. We recorded neuronal activity while mice performed a whisker detection task using two alternative lickports, one each to indicate the presence or absence of a whisker deflection on a given trial.

Structural properties of glucan from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunomodulatory activities mediated via T cell differentiation.

The polysaccharide, RGP2, was isolated from Russula griseocarnosa and its immunostimulatory effects were confirmed in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Following purification via chromatography, structural analysis revealed that RGP2 had a molecular weight of 11.82 kDa and consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), mannose, glucuronic acid and glucosamine.

Structural characterization of Russula griseocarnosa polysaccharide and its improvement on hematopoietic function.

The hematopoietic function of a polysaccharide derived from Russula griseocarnosa was demonstrated in K562 cells, and subsequently purified through chromatography to obtain RGP1. RGP1 is a galactan composed of 1,6-α-D-Galp as the main chain, with partial substitutions. A -CH substitution was detected at O-3 of 1,6-α-D-Galp.

Deep learning for sub-Nyquist sampling scanning white light interferometry.

This Letter introduces sub-Nyquist sampling vertical scanning white light interferometry (SWLI) using deep learning. The method designs Envelope-Deep Residual Shrinkage Networks with channel-wise thresholds (E-DRSN-cw), a network model extracting oversampling envelopes from undersampled signals. The model improves the training efficiency, accuracy, and robustness by following the soft thresholding nonlinear layer approach, pre-padding undersampled interference signals with zeros, using LayerNorm for augmenting inputs and labels, and predicting regression envelopes.

Calibration Method for Airborne Infrared Optical Systems in a Non-Thermal Equilibrium State.

Airborne infrared optical systems equipped with multiple cooled infrared cameras are commonly utilized for quantitative radiometry and thermometry measurements. Radiometric calibration is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and quantitative application of remote sensing camera data. Conventional radiometric calibration methods that consider internal stray radiation are usually based on the assumption that the entire system is in thermal equilibrium.

Huoxiang Zhengqi alleviates azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated cancer by regulating Nrf2/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.

Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated colorectal cancer. Huoxiang Zhengqi (HXZQ) is a classical Chinese herbal medicine and has been used to treat intestinal disorders, however, anti-CAC effects and underlying mechanisms of HXZQ have not been reported. An azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced CAC mice model was used to investigate the anti-CAC effect of HXZQ.

Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Anti-Hyperuricemia Properties of and in Rodent Models.

Acute inflammation and hyperuricemia are associated with gouty arthritis. As an edible and therapeutic mushroom, (SV) has an inhibitory effect on tumorigenesis, and (IH) exhibits anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, uric acid (UA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels in hyperuricemic mice were examined to determine the regulatory effects of SV and IH.

Cortical processing of flexible and context-dependent sensorimotor sequences.

The brain generates complex sequences of movements that can be flexibly configured based on behavioural context or real-time sensory feedback, but how this occurs is not fully understood. Here we developed a 'sequence licking' task in which mice directed their tongue to a target that moved through a series of locations. Mice could rapidly branch the sequence online based on tactile feedback.

Carnosic Acid Suppresses the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) predominantly consists of squamous cells and is the tumor with the highest incidence of the head and neck. Carnosic acid (CA), a natural monomer drug obtained from rosemary and salvia, shows various pharmacological effects, including of tumor development. This study aimed to assess for an effect of CA on the development of OSCC and the underlying mechanisms.

Transferrin-conjugated liposomes loaded with carnosic acid inhibit liver cancer growth by inducing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.

Our previous studies have proven that carnosic acid (CA) induces apoptosis of liver cancer cells. However, the poor chemical properties of CA limit its in vivo anti-cancer effects. In this study, CA was loaded into liposomes (LP-CA), and LP-CA was further conjugated with transferrin (Tf-LP-CA) to overcome the shortcomings of poor solubility and absorption at the lesion site.

Brain-Computer Interface with Inhibitory Neurons Reveals Subtype-Specific Strategies.

Brain-computer interfaces have seen an increase in popularity due to their potential for direct neuroprosthetic applications for amputees and disabled individuals. Supporting this promise, animals-including humans-can learn even arbitrary mapping between the activity of cortical neurons and movement of prosthetic devices [1-4]. However, the performance of neuroprosthetic device control has been nowhere near that of limb control in healthy individuals, presenting a dire need to improve the performance.