Regiochemistry and Side-chain Engineering Enable Efficient N-type Mixed Conducting Polymers.

Developing high-performance n-type organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting (OMIEC) polymers with simple structural motifs is still challenging. We show that high-performance, low-threshold-voltage n-type OMIEC polymers can be achieved using a simple diketopyrrolopyrrole unit flanked by thiazole groups, which is functionalized with glycolated side chains. Interestingly, the regiospecific sp2-N position in the repeating unit's thiazole governs the polymer chains' solvation and molecular packing.

Preparation of DCNC chemically cross-linked CMC/PVA composite film for sustainable and strawberry preservation active packaging.

In recent years, with the increasing attention to food safety and environmental protection, the development of biodegradable food packaging materials with comprehensive performance has become a hotspot. This article presents the preparation of a polyvinyl alcohol carboxymethyl cellulose composite film with barrier property. This study utilized formaldehyde nanocellulose as a crosslinking agent to chemically modify composite membranes.

Vacancy Defects in 2D Ferroelectric InSe and the Conductivity Modulation by Polarization-Defect Coupling.

α-InSe is a promising two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric semiconductor with unique phase transition behaviors and intrinsic -type conductivity. However, the origin of this conductivity and the impact of defects on the phase transition remain unclear. In this study, we employed the WLZ method to calculate vacancies' formation energy and ionization energy in monolayer α-InSe and identified the defect-bound band edge states.

Discovery and biological evaluation of hederagenin derivatives as non-substrate inhibitors of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance.

Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is an essential cause of failure of tumor chemotherapy, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression is one of the major causes of MDR in tumor cells. Hederagenin (HRG) derivatives showed significant inhibitory effects in P-gp-mediated tumor MDR. Herein, we designed and synthesized 30 HRG derivatives and evaluated these compounds' tumor MDR reversal ability.

Atomic Pathways of Crystal-to-Crystal Transitions and Electronic Origins of Resistive Switching in MnTe for Ultralow-Power Memory.

In conventional phase change memory (PCM) technology, the melting process required to create an amorphous state typically results in extremely high power consumption. Recently, a new type of PCM device based on a melting-free crystal-to-crystal phase transition in MnTe has been developed, offering a potential solution to the problem. However, the electronic and atomic mechanisms underlying this transition remain unclear.

Therapeutic potential of rutin in premenstrual depression: evidence from and studies.

Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a cyclical mood disorder that severely affects the daily life of women of reproductive age. Most of the medications being used clinically have limitations such as low efficacy, side effects, and high cost, so there is an urgent need to discover safer and more effective medications. Rutin is a natural flavonol glycoside with various pharmacological properties including antidepressant.

Muscle fiber types switched during the development of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

As one of the largest organs of our human body, skeletal muscle has good research prospects in myasthenia gravis (MG), the symptoms of which include systemic skeletal muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle is composed of two types of muscle fibers. Different fiber subtypes can be converted into each other; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet clear.

Effect of Strain on the Photocatalytic Reaction of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Insight from Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy.

Strain engineering in two-dimensional nanomaterials holds significant potential for modulating the lattice and band structure, particularly through localized strain, which enables modulation at specific regions. Despite the remarkable effects of local strain, the relationships among local strain, spatial correlation of photogenerated charge carriers, and photocatalytic performance remain elusive. The current study coupled single-molecule localization microscopy with coordinate-based colocalization (CBC) analysis to explain these relationships.

The wnt/pyruvate kinase, muscle axis plays an essential role in the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells.

Neuronal differentiation and neurite growth are essential processes in nervous system development and are regulated by several factors. Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to mediate the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells via the activation of several pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling, the mechanism remains unclear. The pyruvate kinase, muscle (PKM) plays an important role in the glycolysis of neuroblastoma cells and regulates the Wnt signaling pathway in various cancer cells.

Nanoscale Identification of Local Strain Effect on TMD Catalysis.

Strain engineering plays a crucial role in activating the basal plane of the TMD catalysts. However, experimental evidence linking strain strength to activity and distinguishing effects of compressive and tensile strain remains elusive due to the absence of high-resolution correlation techniques. Here, we utilize nanobubble imaging by on-chip total-internal reflection microscopy to visualize active sites on the basal plane of strained MoS during hydrogen evolution reaction and atomic force microscopy to correlatively capture the nanoscale morphology and strain maps.

Reactive Solid Polymer Layer: From a Single Fluoropolymer to Divergent Fluorinated Interface.

Controlling the structure and chemistry of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) underpins the stability of electrolyte-electrode interface, and is crucial for advancing rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Here, we utilized photo-controlled copolymerization to achieve the on-demand synthesis of fluorosulfonyl fluoropolymers as unprecedented artificial SEI layers on Li metal anodes. This work not only enables instant formation of a hybrid polymer-inorganic interphase that consists of a polymer-enriched top layer and a LiF-fortified bottom layer, originating from a single polymeric component, but also imparts various desirable physical properties (e.

Spatially Confined Microcells: A Path toward TMD Catalyst Design.

With the ability to maximize the exposure of nearly all active sites to reactions, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) has become a fascinating new class of materials for electrocatalysis. Recently, electrochemical microcells have been developed, and their unique spatial-confined capability enables understanding of catalytic behaviors at a single material level, significantly promoting this field. This Review provides an overview of the recent progress in microcell-based TMD electrocatalyst studies.

N-Doping-Induced Amorphization for Achieving Ultrastable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Vanadium-based oxides, known for their high capacity and low cost, have garnered significant attention as promising cathode candidates in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Nonetheless, their poor rate performance and limited durability in aqueous electrolytes present a challenge to the realistic implementation of vanadium-based aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Here, we synthesized nitrogen-doped VO@C (N-VO@N-C) via ammonia treatment of VO@C derived from vanadium-based metal-organic framework (V-MOF), aiming to achieve outstanding rate and cycling performance.

Surface heterojunction based on n-type low-dimensional perovskite film for highly efficient perovskite tandem solar cells.

Enhancing the quality of junctions is crucial for optimizing carrier extraction and suppressing recombination in semiconductor devices. In recent years, metal halide perovskite has emerged as the most promising next-generation material for optoelectronic devices. However, the construction of high-quality perovskite junctions, as well as characterization and understanding of their carrier polarity and density, remains a challenge.

CPA4 as a biomarker promotes the proliferation, migration and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a commonly occurring and highly aggressive urological malignancy characterized by a significant mortality rate. Current therapeutic options for advanced ccRCC are limited, necessitating the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) is a zinc-containing metallocarboxypeptidase with implications in various cancer types, but its role in ccRCC remains unexplored.

Core-shell design of UiO66-FeO configured with EDTA-assisted washing for rapid adsorption and simple recovery of heavy metal pollutants from soil.

The coupling of washing with adsorption process can be adopted for the treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals pollution. However, the complex environment of soil and the competitive behavior of leaching chemicals considerably restrain adsorption capacity of adsorbent material during washing process, which demands a higher resistance of the adsorbents to interference. In this study, we synthesized strongly magnetic, high specific surface area (573.

MXenes as emerging adsorbents for removal of environmental pollutants.

MXenes are a recently emerging class of two-dimensional nanomaterials that have gained considerable interest in the field of environmental protection. Owing to their high surface area, abundant terminal groups, and unique two-dimensional layered structures, MXenes have demonstrated high efficacy as adsorbents for various pollutants. Here we focused on the latest developments in the field of MXene-based adsorbents, including the structure and properties of MXenes, their synthesis and modification methods, and their adsorption performance and mechanisms for various pollutants.

High-Pressure Synthesis of Single-Crystalline SnS Nanoribbons.

Two-dimensional tin monosulfide (SnS) is attractive for the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices with anisotropic characteristics. However, its shape-controlled synthesis with an atomic thickness and high quality remains challenging. Here, we show that highly crystalline SnS nanoribbons can be produced via high-pressure (0.

Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria X-2 protects seaweed from bleaching disease.

Microbiome manipulation is gaining fresh attention as a way to mitigate diseases in aquaculture. The commercially farmed seaweed suffers from a bacterial-induced bleaching disease, which has major implications for the reliable supply of healthy sporelings. Here, we identify a beneficial bacterium, X-2 that significantly reduces the risk of bleaching disease.

A Morphing Point-to-Point Displacement Control Based on Long Short-Term Memory for a Coplanar XXY Stage.

In this study, visual recognition with a charge-coupled device (CCD) image feedback control system was used to record the movement of a coplanar XXY stage. The position of the stage is fedback through the image positioning method, and the positioning compensation of the stage is performed by the image compensation control parameter. The image resolution was constrained and resulted in an average positioning error of the optimized control parameter of 6.

Symmetry-Broken 2D Lead-Tin Mixed Chiral Perovskite for High Asymmetry Factor Circularly Polarized Light Detection.

Symmetry-broken-induced spin splitting plays a key role for selective circularly polarized light absorption and spin carrier transport. Asymmetrical chiral perovskite is rising as the most promising material for direct semiconductor-based circularly polarized light detection. However, the increase of asymmetry factor and extension of response region remain to be a challenge.

Extracellular Compounds from Pathogenic Bacterium X-8 Cause Bleaching Disease, Triggering Active Defense Responses in Commercially Farmed .

Pathogenic bacteria can trigger active defense responses in higher plants, leading to hypersensitive programmed cell death (PCD) to against those bacteria. However, related research on seaweeds is very limited. Pseudoalteromonas piscicida X-8 (PpX-8) has been identified as the pathogen that causes bleaching disease in commercially farmed Saccharina japonica.