Metabolomics and miRNA profiling reveals feature of gallbladder cancer-derived biliary extracellular vesicles.

Background: Although there are several studies in the development of various human cancers, the role of exosomes is poorly understood in the progression of gallbladder cancer. This study aims to characterize the metabolic changes occurring in exosomes obtained from patients with gallbladder cancer compared with those from other gallbladder disease groups.

Methods: Biliary exosomes were isolated from healthy donors (n = 3) and from patients with gallbladder cancer (n = 3), gallbladder polyps (n = 4), or cholecystitis (n = 3) using a validated exosome isolation kit.

Targeting FLT3-TAZ signaling to suppress drug resistance in blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background: Although the development of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) rendered chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) a manageable condition, acquisition of drug resistance during blast phase (BP) progression remains a critical challenge. Here, we reposition FLT3, one of the most frequently mutated drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target of BP-CML.

Methods: We generated FLT3 expressing BCR::ABL1 TKI-resistant CML cells and enrolled phase-specific CML patient cohort to obtain unpaired and paired serial specimens and verify the role of FLT3 signaling in BP-CML patients.

Leaf Color Classification and Expression Analysis of Photosynthesis-Related Genes in Inbred Lines of Chinese Cabbage Displaying Minor Variations in Dark-Green Leaves.

The leaves of the Chinese cabbage which is most widely consumed come in a wide variety of colors. Leaves that are dark green can promote photosynthesis, effectively improving crop yield, and therefore hold important application and cultivation value. In this study, we selected nine inbred lines of Chinese cabbage displaying slight differences in leaf color, and graded the leaf color using the reflectance spectra.

Visualizing reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction in Alzheimer's disease using 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG.

Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a clinically validated neuroimaging probe to visualize the reactive astrogliosis is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionally visualizes the reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal hypometabolism in the brains with neuroinflammation and AD.

USP14 Regulates Cancer Cell Growth in a Fatty Acid Synthase-Independent Manner.

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) plays an important role in cancer development, providing excess lipid sources for cancer growth by participating in de novo lipogenesis. Although several inhibitors of FASN have been developed, there are many limitations to using FASN inhibitors alone as cancer therapeutics. We therefore attempted to effectively inhibit cancer cell growth by using a FASN inhibitor in combination with an inhibitor of a deubiquitinating enzyme USP14, which is known to maintain FASN protein levels in hepatocytes.