RNF149 negatively regulates LPS/TLR4 signal transduction by ubiquitination-mediated CD63 degradation.

This study aims to investigate the role of RNF149 and tetraspanin CD63 in lipopolysaccharide/Toll-like receptor 4 (LPS/TLR4) signal transduction. TNF-α was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distribution of TLR4 was examined through flow cytometry after CD63 knockdown.

Buyang huanwu decoction improves synaptic plasticity of ischemic stroke by regulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ischemic stroke is an acute central nervous system disease that poses a threat to human health. It induces a series of severe pathological mechanisms, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death in the brain due to local ischemia and hypoxia. Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD), as a representative formula for treating ischemic stroke, has shown good therapeutic effects in stroke patients.

Coumestrol facilitates apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by interacting with ZIP8 protein via the ferroptosis pathway.

So far, there have been no reports of coumestrol inhibiting colorectal cancer (CRC) through the ferroptosis pathway. This study is to investigate the mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine monomer coumestrol in the treatment of CRC. Data on CRC transcriptome sequencing was obtained from the GEO database and TCGA database.

Causal role of immune cells on cervical cancer onset revealed by two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a prevalent gynecological cancer worldwide that significantly impacts the quality of life and the physical and mental well-being of women. However, there have been limited studies utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the connection between immune cells and CC. This study is to investigate the causal effects of immune traits on CC and non-neoplastic conditions of the cervix.

Atomistic Insights into Nucleation of Ferroelastic Domains in PbTiO.

Understanding the nucleation mechanism of domains is essential for domain engineering of perovskite ferroelectric materials. We proposed and examined atomistic details for nucleating ferroelastic (FS) domains by integrating topological analysis and first-principles calculations. FS domains are crystallographically treated as deformation twins.

The mechanisms of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in treating ischaemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experiment verification.

Context: Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) is effective in treating ischaemic stroke (IS). However, its mechanism of action is still unclear.

Objective: Network pharmacology integrated with experiments were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of HGWD for treating IS.

Uncovering the crystal defects within aragonite CaCO.

Knowledge of deformation mechanisms in aragonite, one of the three crystalline polymorphs of CaCO3, is essential to understand the overall excellent mechanical performance of nacres. Dislocation slip and deformation twinning were claimed previously as plasticity carriers in aragonite, but crystallographic features of dislocations and twins have been poorly understood. Here, utilizing various transmission electron microscopy techniques, we reveal the atomic structures of twins, partial dislocations, and associated stacking faults.

Visualization and validation of twin nucleation and early-stage growth in magnesium.

The abrupt occurrence of twinning when Mg is deformed leads to a highly anisotropic response, making it too unreliable for structural use and too unpredictable for observation. Here, we describe an in-situ transmission electron microscopy experiment on Mg crystals with strategically designed geometries for visualization of a long-proposed but unverified twinning mechanism. Combining with atomistic simulations and topological analysis, we conclude that twin nucleation occurs through a pure-shuffle mechanism that requires prismatic-basal transformations.

Twinning-assisted dynamic adjustment of grain boundary mobility.

Grain boundary (GB) plasticity dominates the mechanical behaviours of nanocrystalline materials. Under mechanical loading, GB configuration and its local deformation geometry change dynamically with the deformation; the dynamic variation of GB deformability, however, remains largely elusive, especially regarding its relation with the frequently-observed GB-associated deformation twins in nanocrystalline materials. Attention here is focused on the GB dynamics in metallic nanocrystals, by means of well-designed in situ nanomechanical testing integrated with molecular dynamics simulations.

First-principles calculations for understanding microstructures and mechanical properties of co-sputtered Al alloys.

Recent experimental studies show that co-sputtering solutes with Al, together, can refine columnar grain size around few tens of nanometers and promote the formation and enhance the stability of planar defects such as stacking faults (SFs) and grain boundaries (GBs) in Al alloys. These crystal defects and fine columnar grains result in high strength, enhanced strain hardening and thermal stability of Al alloys. Using first-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, we studied the role of eleven solutes in tailoring kinetics and energetics of adatoms and clusters on Al {111} surface, stable and unstable stacking fault energies, and kinetic energy barriers for the migration of defects.

Characteristic boundaries associated with three-dimensional twins in hexagonal metals.

Twinning is a critically important deformation mode in hexagonal close-packed metals. Twins are three-dimensional (3D) domains, whose growth is mediated by the motion of facets bounding the 3D twin domains and influences work hardening in metals. An understanding of twin transformations therefore necessitates that the atomic-scale structure and intrinsic mobilities of facets be known and characterized.

Real-time measurement of the liquid-crystal optic-axis angle and effective refractive index distribution based on a common-path interferometer.

A common-path interferometer for the real-time measurement of the liquid-crystal (LC) optic-axis angle and effective refractive index distribution is proposed. This method involves adding a polarizer and polarization camera to a general optical microscope. This requires only single-exposure imaging without changing any optical elements, and greatly simplifies the measurement process and system.

Identification and Characterization of a Gene Located on the Linear Plasmid pBSSB1 as an Enhanced Gene of Growth and Motility in Serovar Typhi.

The linear plasmid pBSSB1 mediates the flagellar phase variation in H:z66 positive serovar Typhi ( Typhi). The gene named (. Typhi plasmid number 17 gene) is located on pBSSB1 and encodes the protein STP17.

5'-UTR of malS increases the invasive capacity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi by influencing the expression of bax.

Aim: An RNA-seq analysis recently identified a 236-nucleotide transcript upstream from malS in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Here, we investigated its molecular characteristics and function.

Materials & Methods: RACE and northern blotting were used to determine the molecular characteristics of the sequence, and mutagenesis, microarray, immunoblotting and an invasion assay were used to investigate the functions of the transcript.

Identification and characterization of a cis antisense RNA of the parC gene encoding DNA topoisomerase IV of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Bacterial cis-encoded antisense RNAs are transcribed from the opposite strand of protein coding genes, and their regulatory roles adapt cells to changing environmental conditions. By deep sequencing of the transcriptome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, an antisense RNA that is encoded in cis to the parC gene was found. parC encodes the subunit A component of topoisomerase IV, a class of enzymes that relax both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA and are also required for segregation of daughter chromosomes in bacteria.

[Effects of scutellaria stem-leaf total flavonoids on cardiocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation].

Objective: To study the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoids (SSTF) on cardiocyte apoptosis of neonatal rats induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and its action of mechanism. METHODS Sixty one to two days old rats, male or female, were selected. Hypoxia/reoxygenation injured model was established in cultured cardiocytes of neonate rats.