Integrated Analysis of Gene Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration Reveals Dysregulated Genes and miRNAs in Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a multifaceted condition characterised by rapid deterioration of renal function, often precipitated by diverse etiologies. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of AKI is pivotal for identifying potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This study utilised bioinformatics to elucidate gene expression and immune infiltration in AKI.

miR-21-5p Enriched Exosomes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promote Osteogenesis via YAP1 Modulation.

Purpose: To investigate the osteogenic potential of human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (hESC-Exos) and their effects on the differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs).

Methods: hESC-Exos were isolated and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blotting. hUCMSCs were cultured with hESC-Exos to assess osteogenic differentiation through alizarin red staining, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and Western blotting.

Effects of different quaternary ammonium compounds on intracellular and extracellular resistance genes in nitrification systems under the pre-contamination of benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds.

As the harm of benzalkyl dimethylammonium compounds (BACs) on human health and environment was discovered, alkyltrimethyl ammonium compound (ATMAC) and dialkyldimethyl ammonium compound (DADMAC), which belong to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), were likely to replace BACs as the main disinfectants. This study simulated the iterative use of QACs to explore their impact on resistance genes (RGs) in nitrification systems pre-contaminated by BACs. ATMAC could initiate and maintain partial nitrification.

SS31 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses through the S100A8/NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway.

Background: Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is an acute, diffuse, inflammatory lung injury caused by various endogenous or exogenous factors. It is currently widely recognized that an excessive inflammatory response resulting from immune imbalance constitutes a crucial pathogenic mechanism in ALI/ARDS. SS31 is a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant peptide.

Critical Role of S100A9 in Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanistic Insights through Pyroptosis Pathway Modulation.

This study investigates the role of S100A9 in sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) through the lens of pyroptosis, a controlled form of cell death mediated by the gasdermin protein family. Using C57BL/6 mice and S100A9 knockout mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to inflammation and immune responses, with notable upregulation of S100A9. Functional enrichment analyses (GO and KEGG) indicated these DEGs are involved in interferon-beta response, immune processes, and cell adhesion.

A nomogram to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis combined coronary artery disease: retrospective study based on the MIMIC-III database.

Object: Establish a clinical prognosis model of coronary heart disease (CHD) to predict 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.

Method: The data were collected retrospectively from septic patients with a previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD) from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database. The included patients were randomly divided into the training cohorts and validation cohorts.

Throat microbiota drives alterations in pulmonary alveolar microbiota in patients with septic ARDS.

Objectives: The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a critical prognostic factor for patients.

Methods: On the first and third days of ICU admission, BALF, throat swab, and anal swab were collected, resulting in a total of 288 samples. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA analysis and the traceability analysis of new generation technology.

Changes in clinical parameters and inflammatory markers after blood culture collection facilitate early identification of positive culture in adult patients with COVID-19 and clinically suspected bloodstream infection.

Objective: We explored whether changes in clinical parameters and inflammatory markers can facilitate early identification of positive blood culture in adult patients with COVID-19 and clinically suspected bloodstream infection (BSI).

Methods: This single-center retrospective study enrolled 20 adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit who underwent blood culture for clinically suspected BSI (February 2020-November 2021). We divided patients into positive (Pos) and negative blood culture groups.

Reduced Viral Shedding Time in High-Risk COVID-19 Patients Infected by Omicron and Treated with Paxlovid: A Real-World Study from China.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the viral shedding time in patients infected with the Omicron variant during Paxlovid therapy and conventional therapy and to analyze the effects of Paxlovid on patients infected with COVID-19.

Methods: In this study, the demographic and clinical characteristics and laboratory data of 3159 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant treated at Jilin Province People's Hospital were collected and analyzed. A total of 362 patients received Paxlovid therapy, and 2797 patients received conventional therapy.

Gut microbiota composition and changes in patients with sepsis: potential markers for predicting survival.

Background: Sepsis can cause immune dysregulation and multiple organ failure in patients and eventually lead to death. The gut microbiota has demonstrated its precise therapeutic potential in the treatment of various diseases. This study aimed to discuss the structural changes of the gut microbiota in patients with sepsis and to analyze the differences in the gut microbiota of patients with different prognoses.

Microparticle-associated tissue factor activity correlates with the inflammatory response in septic disseminated intravascular coagulation patients.

Background: Sepsis is often accompanied by the formation of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Microparticles can exert their procoagulant and proinflammatory properties in a variety of ways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between microparticle-associated tissue factor activity (TF+-MP activity) and the inflammatory response.

Causal relationship between gut and risk of sepsis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization and clinical retrospective study in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.

Objective: Gut microbiota is closely related to sepsis. Recent studies have suggested that could be associated with intestinal inflammation; however, the causal relationship between and sepsis remains uncertain. From the perspective of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM), exploring the causal relationship between gut and sepsis could provide opportunity for targeted prevention and personalized treatment.

Fates of extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge and plastisphere under sulfadiazine pressure.

Microplastics, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent prominent emerging contaminants that can potentially hinder the efficacy of biological wastewater treatment and pose health risks. Plastisphere as a distinct ecological niche for microorganisms, acts as a repository for ARGs and potential pathogenic bacteria. Nonetheless, the spread pattern of extracellular ARGs (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) in plastisphere under antibiotic exposure was not yet known.

Successive exposure to traditional disinfectants and quaternary ammonium compounds enhances resistance genes expression and co-selection in biofilm-based partial nitrification-anammox systems.

Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are recommended disinfectants with surfactant properties, surpassing triclosan (TCS) and chloroxylenol (PCMX). Given the transition from traditional disinfectants, it is essential to investigate their impacts on biological nitrogen removal systems and the fate of resistance genes (RGs). In this study, three biofilm-based partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) systems were established.

Successful treatment of near-fatal pulmonary embolism and cardiac arrest in an adult patient with fulminant psittacosis-induced severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescue: A case report and follow-up.

Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was successfully performed for the rescue of an adult patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by fulminant psittacosis, and then a near-fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) and cardiac arrest (CA) of the same patient was cured through catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Case Presentation: A 51-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital on September 10, 2021 due to slurred speech, weakness in lower limbs, dizziness, and nausea. Subsequently, she developed confusion and was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), where she received anti-shock, antibiotics, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and veno-venous ECMO due to the diagnosis of severe pneumonia, severe ARDS, and septic shock based on comprehensive physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging findings.

Different fates of extracellular and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes in flocs, granular and biofilm nitrification systems under the stress of acetaminophen.

The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including intracellular ARGs (i-ARGs) and extracellular ARGs (e-ARGs), has become a global problem that cannot be ignored. This study clarified the fates of e-ARGs and i-ARGs in floc sludge reactor (FS), granular sludge reactor (GS) and biofilm reactor (BF) under the stress of acetaminophen (APAP). The results showed that the risk of ARGs transmission, especially for e-ARGs, in FS and BF could increase with the increasing times of APAP treatment, except for that in GS.

The effects of didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride on microbial communities and resistance genes in floc, granular and biofilm denitrification sludge.

As a type of quaternary ammonium compounds, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC C12) was frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants. Here, floc-based sequencing batch reactor (FSBR), granule-based SBR (GSBR) and biofilm SBR (BSBR) were fed with 0.5, 5 and 10 mg/L of DADMAC C12 for 120 d.

CircPTP4A2 Promotes Microglia Polarization in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke via miR-20b-5p/YTHDF1/TIMP2 Axis.

Activated microglia play dual roles in ischemic stroke (IS) according to its polarization states. Herein, we investigated the function of circPTP4A2 in regulating microglia polarization in IS. IS models were established by MACO/R and OGD/R treatment.

Heterogeneity in subjective cognitive decline in the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline(SILCODE): Empirically derived subtypes, structural and functional verification.

Aims: We evaluated whether Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) subtypes could be empirically derived within the Sino Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Decline (SILCODE) SCD cohort and examined associated neuroimaging markers, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes.

Methods: A cluster analysis was performed on eight neuropsychological test scores from 124 SCD SILCODE participants and 57 normal control (NC) subjects. Structural and functional neuroimaging indices were used to evaluate the SCD subgroups.

Deciphering the interaction impacts between antiseptic benzethonium chloride and biofilm nitrification system: Performance, resistance mechanisms and biodegradation.

Benzethonium chloride (BEC) is one of emerging bacteriostatic agents. BEC-bearing wastewater generated during sanitary applications in food and medication is easily combined with other wastewater streams to flow into wastewater treatment plants. This study focused on the long-term (231 days) impacts of BEC on the sequencing moving bed biofilm nitrification system.

Early gut microbiological changes and metabolomic changes in patients with sepsis: a preliminary study.

The gut microbiota is closely related to the development of sepsis. The aim of this study was to explore changes in the gut microbiota and gut metabolism, as well as potential relationships between the gut microbiota and environmental factors in the early stages of sepsis. Fecal samples were collected from 10 septic patients on the first and third days following diagnosis in this study.

IKK1 aggravates ischemia-reperfusion kidney injury by promoting the differentiation of effector T cells.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), and experimental work has revealed detailed insight into the inflammatory response in the kidney. T cells and NFκB pathway play an important role in IRI. Therefore, we examined the regulatory role and mechanisms of IkappaB kinase 1 (IKK1) in CD4T lymphocytes in an experimental model of IRI.

Machine learning prediction models and nomogram to predict the risk of in-hospital death for severe DKA: A clinical study based on MIMIC-IV, eICU databases, and a college hospital ICU.

Aim: To establish a prediction model and assess the risk factors for severe diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adult patients during the ICU.

Introduction: With DKA hospitalization rates consistently increasing, in-hospital mortality has become a growing concern.

Methods: DKA patients aged >18 years old in the US-based critical care database (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV)) were considered.