4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) is an alkylphenolic environmental endocrine disruptor extensively distributed in the environment, posing potential hazards to living organisms. Research has demonstrated that 4-t-OP induces cardiac injury and abnormalities in embryonic development, which can adversely affect heart development. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by 4-t-OP may result in DNA damage.
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