Selective Vulnerability of GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons to Bilirubin Neurotoxicity in the Neonatal Brain.

Hyperbilirubinemia (HB) is a key risk factor for hearing loss in neonates, particularly premature infants. Here, we report that bilirubin (BIL)-dependent cell death in the auditory brainstem of neonatal mice of both sexes is significantly attenuated by ZD7288, a blocker for hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel-mediated current ( ), or by genetic deletion of HCN1. GABAergic inhibitory interneurons predominantly express HCN1, on which BIL selectively acts to increase their intrinsic excitability and mortality by enhancing HCN1 activity and Ca-dependent membrane targeting.

Glutamate acts on acid-sensing ion channels to worsen ischaemic brain injury.

Glutamate is traditionally viewed as the first messenger to activate NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor)-dependent cell death pathways in stroke, but unsuccessful clinical trials with NMDAR antagonists implicate the engagement of other mechanisms. Here we show that glutamate and its structural analogues, including NMDAR antagonist L-AP5 (also known as APV), robustly potentiate currents mediated by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) associated with acidosis-induced neurotoxicity in stroke. Glutamate increases the affinity of ASICs for protons and their open probability, aggravating ischaemic neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models.

The efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) combined with chemotherapy are emerging as an effective first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, reports on the magnitude of effectiveness and safety are conflicting.

Methods: Relevant articles published before February 2022 were searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The study included all randomized controlled trials that evaluated ICIs with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.

Simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal in sequencing batch reactors via controlled reduced aeration and short-term sludge retention time decrease.

Simultaneous bio-treatment processes of organic carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-containing wastewater are challenged by insufficient carbon sources in the effluent. In the present study, two parallel anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactors (R-1 and R-2) treating low C/N (≤4) wastewater were employed using different partial nitrification start-up strategies, controlled reduced aeration, and decreased sludge retention time. Advanced removal efficiencies for NH-N (≥96%), total nitrogen (TN, ≥86%), PO-P (≥95%), and COD (≥91%) were realized, with TN and PO-P effluent concentrations of 10.

Bilirubin gates the TRPM2 channel as a direct agonist to exacerbate ischemic brain damage.

Stroke prognosis is negatively associated with an elevation of serum bilirubin, but how bilirubin worsens outcomes remains mysterious. We report that post-, but not pre-, stroke bilirubin levels among inpatients scale with infarct volume. In mouse models, bilirubin increases neuronal excitability and ischemic infarct, whereas ischemic insults induce the release of endogenous bilirubin, all of which are attenuated by knockout of the TRPM2 channel or its antagonist A23.

Effect of Lianhua Qingwen capsules on the positive rate of COVID-19 close contacts: A retrospective analysis of a large-scale population-based cohort study.

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading worldwide. COVID-19 close contact is a key point of this epidemic. However, no medication is now available for close contact.

Isolation of a Novel QTL, Associated with Strong Culm Affects Lodging Resistance and Panicle Branch Number in Rice.

Rice breeders are now developing new varieties with semi-high or even high plant height to further increase the grain yield, and the problem of lodging has re-appeared. We identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), for resistance to lodging by using an F segregant population and a recombinant self-incompatible line population from the cross between Shennong265 (SN265) and Lijiangxintuanheigu (LTH) after multiple years and multiple environments. Then, the residual heterozygous derived segregant population which consisted of 1781 individual plants, and the BCF segregant population which consisted of 3216 individual plants, were used to shorten the physical interval of to 58.

Coupling coordination and spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of the water-energy-food-land (WEFL) nexus in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China.

The interrelationship between regional water, energy, food, and land systems is extremely complex. Hence, accurately assessing the coupling coordination relationship and identifying the influential factors of the water-energy-food-land nexus (WEFL nexus) are of utmost importance. This study proposes a novel analytical framework and evaluation index system for exploring interactions across the WEFL nexus.

Association between obstructive sleep apnea and Alzheimer's disease-related blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: Recent studies indicate that Alzheimer's disease- (AD) related biomarkers, including amyloid β (Aβ40 and Aβ42) and tau proteins (P-tau and T-tau), in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, the primary purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between blood and CSF AD-related biomarkers and OSA.

Electroencephalography Microstate Alterations in Otogenic Vertigo: A Potential Disease Marker.

Objectives: A huge population, especially the elderly, suffers from otogenic vertigo. However, the multi-modal vestibular network changes, secondary to periphery vestibular dysfunction, have not been fully elucidated. We aim to identify potential microstate electroencephalography (EEG) signatures for otogenic vertigo in this study.

Punicalagin Alleviates Psoriasis by Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated IL-1β Transcription and Caspase-1-Regulated IL-1β Secretion.

Psoriasis is a chronic and inflammatory skin disorder characterized by inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Punicalagin (PUN) is a main active ingredient of pomegranate ( L.) peel with multiple biological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects.

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Cell Adhesion Molecules in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Previous studies have confirmed that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have higher systemic inflammatory markers, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), and E-selectin compared to control subjects. However, the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on circulating levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in OSA patients remain inconsistent. Therefore, the primary purpose of the present meta-analysis is to estimate the effect of CPAP therapy on these cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in patients with OSA.

Does the construction of an integrated transport network promote urban innovation? A perspective based on the theory of flow space.

Transportation infrastructure, which has always been regarded as an important element to promote regional innovation, accelerates factor flows and productivity spillovers. In February 2021, the State Council of China issued the outline of national integrated multidimensional transportation network planning (2021-2050), which proposed that during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the Yangtze River Delta would speed up the construction of an integrated transport network to serve the dual circulation development pattern in China. However, few studies have systematically investigated the development of integrated transport in the Yangtze River Delta, especially the relationship between transport operating efficiency and regional innovation based on the theory of flow space.

Association between the circulating superoxide dismutase and obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Although it has been reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) is related to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the results are controversial. In addition, the effects of the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on SOD levels are also inconsistent. The primary purpose of the present meta-analysis is to determine the relationship between the circulating SOD levels and OSA.

Evidence for role of acid-sensing ion channel 1a in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Purpose: A variety of inflammatory cells are infiltrated histologically in sinonasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), especially CRSwNP with asthma. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is essential in the process of sensing acidification and triggering inflammation. Whereas, its role and mechanism in CRSwNP remain uncertain.

Increased Expression of TXNIP Facilitates Oxidative Stress in Nasal Epithelial Cells of Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Background: Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is essential in the process of triggering oxidative stress. However, its role and mechanism in CRSwNP remain unclear.

Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol via inhibiting TXNIP-oxidative stress pathway in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type I hypersensitivity mediated by IgE in the nose. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a pivotal role in the process of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Resveratrol is a TXNIP inhibitor.

Modulatory effect of Tim-3/Galectin-9 axis on T-cell-mediated immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Patients affected by pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) manifest deficiencies in innate cellular immunity. The Tim3/Galectin-9 axis is an important regulator of Th1 cell immunity, leading to Th1 cell apoptosis. Herein, this study aims to clarify the underlying roles of the Tim-3/Galectin-9 axis in T-cell immunity in PTB.

Ameliorative effect of selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 in an ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis murine model.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a complex IgE-mediated nasal allergic and inflammatory disease. Nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is essential in the process of allergic and inflammatory responses. MCC950 is a selective NLRP3 inhibitor.

A Case Study: Effects of Foot Reflexotherapy in an Infant with Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Sensoryneuronal hearing loss (SNHL) is one type of hearing impairment. The incidence of hearing loss (HL) is 1-3 per 1000 births. Complementary therapies may be effective in addressing the maladies of infants with HL.

Septal floor rotational flap pedicled on ethmoidal arteries for endoscopic skull base reconstruction.

Object: Expanded endonasal approaches have dramatically changed how skull base surgery is performed, and nasoseptal flap (NSF) has significantly improved skull base reconstruction. However, challenges remain when the pterygopalatine artery is invaded by tumors; when it must be sacrificed to approach the lateral sphenoidal recess; when late-occurrence leak occurs in the sella after transsphenoidal surgery; and also when the leak is on the posterior wall of the frontal sinus, which is too distant for NSF to reach. This article describes a septal floor rotational flap pedicled on ethmoidal arteries for endoscopic skull base reconstruction in certain cases.

Delayed Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Current Practice.

As delayed diagnosis and treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage are common in current practice, this study was performed to determine associated factors and discuss appropriate strategies to deal with these problems. A retrospective analysis of all cases of CSF leakage in our hospital from 2007 to 2018, including 41 patients with CSF rhinorrhea and 5 with CSF otorhinorrhea, was performed. Symptoms, associated diseases, misdiagnoses, history of skull base repair surgical, previous medical costs, and number of hospital visits before visiting our institution were reviewed.

Determination of trace methanesulfonates in drug matrix using derivatization and headspace single drop microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

The selective and sensitive determination of potential genotoxic methanesulfonate impurities in drug substances is highly challenging. A new method is reported for testing of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and isopropyl methanesulfonate (IPMS) in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Headspace single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) with room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) as extractant was employed to preconcentrate analytes and eliminate the drug matrix simultaneously.