Traumatic avulsion of extraocular muscles: case reports.

We described the clinical, surgical details and results (motor and sensory) of the retrieving procedure of traumatically avulsed muscles in three patients with no previous history of strabismus or diplopia seen in the Department of Ophthalmology, State University of Campinas, Brazil. The slipped muscle portion was reinserted at the original insertion and under the remaining stump, which was sutured over the reinserted muscle. For all three cases there was recovery of single binocular vision and stereopsis.

Strabismus surgery learning for Ophthalmology residents of university service.

Purpose: To verify Ophthalmology resident's and supervisor's perceptions regarding learning and teaching strabismus surgery.

Design: Descriptive Study.

Subjects: 1(st) and 2(nd) year residents.

Results of monocular surgery under peribulbar anesthesia for large-angle horizontal strabismus.

Objective: To evaluate the results of monocular surgery under peribulbar anesthesia for large-angle horizontal strabismus.

Introduction: Monocular surgery may preserve some muscles if a repeat operation is required, may help to avoid the exposure of the dominant eye to the inherent risks of a surgical procedure and may reduce surgical time.

Methods: We evaluated ninety-two consecutive patients who underwent monocular surgery under peribulbar anesthesia for large-angle horizontal strabismus (angle of 40 prism diopters or greater).

Peribulbar versus general anesthesia for horizontal strabismus surgery.

Purpose: To compare the results of strabismus surgery under peribulbar and general anesthesia in cases of small and moderate angle of horizontal strabismus.

Methods: Medical records of eighty-four patients with small and moderate angle horizontal strabismus who underwent strabismus surgery were reviewed. Forty-two patients were submitted to the surgery under peribulbar anesthesia and forty-two under general anesthesia.

A study to determine: should conventional amounts of eye muscle surgery for horizontal binocular deviations be changed when oblique muscle weakening procedures are simultaneously performed?

Purpose: To investigate the final surgical outcome in horizontal strabismus correction, measured in primary position of gaze, in two situations: 1. When surgery was performed only on the horizontal rectus muscles; and 2. When inferior or superior oblique muscle weakening procedures were simultaneously performed.

Anterior transposition compared to graded recession of the inferior oblique muscle for V-pattern strabismus.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of anterior transposition (AT) and graded recession (GR) in the treatment of V- pattern strabismus caused by overaction of the inferior oblique muscle.

Methods: The charts of surgically treated cases of V-pattern strabismus were analyzed retrospectively and the patients classified as AT or GR. Age, initial horizontal deviation, initial V-pattern and the amount of V-pattern correction were compared between the two groups.

Use of ivermectin in the treatment of orbital myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax.

Orbital myiasis cases by dipterous fly larvae are rarely reported. A case of massive orbital myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax resulting in complete loss of the globe is described. Oral ivermectin was used successfully to eliminate the larvae prior to enucleation, making the mechanical removal of larvae an unnecessary procedure.

Histologic effect of mitomycin C on strabismus surgery in the rabbit.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of mitomycin C (MMC) in limiting the postoperative inflammatory response and scarring after strabismus surgery.

Methods: A prospective, two-stage, masked, controlled trial was conducted. In the first stage, the inflammatory response at the extraocular muscle reattachment site was increased after inferior rectus recession in eight rabbits.

Quantification (grading) of inferior oblique muscle recession for V-pattern strabismus.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of grading such surgery according to the magnitude of the V pattern and inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all 53 cases we operated since 1984 for V pattern with IOOA, who had undergone graded inferior oblique recession, recessed according to the anatomical recession table of Apt and Call, ranging from 8mm for V pattern of 12 PD with +1 IOOA to 12mm for 30+ PD with +3 IOOA.

Results: A "satisfactory outcome" (defined as = V pattern of 8 PD or less) was observed in 75% of the cases with a preoperative V pattern less than 20 PD, in 70% of those with a preop' V pattern between 20 PD and 29 PD, and in 57% of those with a preop' V pattern greater than 29 PD.

Characteristics of a pediatric low-vision population.

Background: Assessment of the causes of childhood blindness is important to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies that can reduce the incidence of visual impairment.

Methods: A retrospective survey of the clinical records of 395 consecutive children younger than 14 years of age who were attended by the Low Vision Service of State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) was conducted. Data on the age distribution, the causes of low vision, the types of low vision aids prescribed, the follow up of their use, and improvement in visual acuity were obtained.

Visual loss in patients with craniofacial synostosis.

We reviewed the ocular findings in patients with cranial stenosis, who were seen in the Craniofacial Clinic at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, to determine the prevalence, pattern, and etiology of visual loss. There were 15 patients with Apert syndrome, 25 patients with Crouzon syndrome, and 18 patients with other forms of craniofacial synostoses. Visual loss occurred in 17 eyes of 11 patients with Apert syndrome, 14 eyes of 11 patients with Crouzon syndrome, and 12 eyes of 8 patients with other craniofacial synostosis syndromes.

Visual fields in 4- to 10-year-old children using Goldmann and double-arc perimeters.

We report the comparison of field extent measured using two kinetic perimeters: 1) a double-arc perimeter developed by van Hof-van Duin for use in infants and young children, and 2) the standard Goldmann apparatus. Targets used were the V-4-e target on the Goldmann and both 2- and 6-degree targets on the double-arc perimeter. Visual fields were measured by assessing looking responses toward targets presented in a pseudorandom order at 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, and 315 degrees.