The association between humidex and tuberculosis: a two-stage modelling nationwide study in China.

Background: Under a changing climate, the joint effects of temperature and relative humidity on tuberculosis (TB) are poorly understood. To address this research gap, we conducted a time-series study to explore the joint effects of temperature and relative humidity on TB incidence in China, considering potential modifiers.

Methods: Weekly data on TB cases and meteorological factors in 22 cities across mainland China between 2011 and 2020 were collected.

The associations of ambient fine particles with tuberculosis incidence and the modification effects of ambient temperature: A nationwide time-series study in China.

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant that poses significant risks to human health. However, little is known about the association of PM with tuberculosis (TB) incidence, and whether temperature modifies the association.This study aimed to explore the association between ambient PM exposure and TB incidence in China and the modification effects of temperature.

Influence of COVID-19 for delaying the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis-Tianjin, China.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the diagnosis, treatment, and care for tuberculosis (TB). Delays in seeking TB care may result in increased community transmission and unfavorable treatment outcomes. We sought to understand the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the proportion of patients with TB who delayed seeking the diagnosis and care for TB and explore the reasons for their postponement.

Guiding Tuberculosis Control Through the Healthy China Initiative 2019-2030.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, especially in China. China has the third largest TB burden in the world with nearly 0.9 million new TB cases emerging annually.

The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on tuberculosis control in China.

Background: In response to the COVID-19 epidemic, China implemented a series of interventions that impacted tuberculosis (TB) control in the country.

Methods: Based on routine surveillance data and questionnaires, the study analyzed TB notification, follow-up examinations, and treatment outcomes. The data were split into three phases in relation to outbreak, lockdown and reopen when the nationwide COVID-19 response started in 2020: control (11 weeks prior), intensive (11 weeks during and immediately after), and regular (4 additional weeks).

Comparison of different bacteriological testing strategies and factors for bacteriological confirmation among pulmonary TB patients: a retrospective study in Tianjin, China, 2017-2018.

Background: Bacteriological confirmation (BC) proportion among notified pulmonary TB patients in China is among the lowest in the world. This study was to understand the yield of BC using different testing strategies and patient-level factors associated with BC among pulmonary TB patients in Tianjin, China during 2017-2018.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling pulmonary TB patients reported to National TB Information Management System (TBIMS) in Tianjin during 2017-2018.

Effectiveness of the Integrated TB Surveillance System - China, 2018-2019.

China's national health information system provides important support and means for deepening the country's medical and health reform, for improving relevant delivery services, for enhancing the level of scientific management of health, and for promoting the goal of basic medical and health services for everyone in China. To further the construction of the national health information system, the National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention of China CDC, started a pilot project for a new tuberculosis (TB) integrated health (iHealth) surveillance system, which was integrated with regional health information platforms. The goal was to explore automatic data exchange between hospitals and disease control facilities to reduce the workload of data-entry.

Underreporting of Notifiable Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases to the National Tuberculosis Information Management System - China, 2015.

Tuberculosis (TB) notification data and the underreporting rate are major sources used in estimating TB incidence. China's TB Information Management System (TBIMS) was launched in 2005 but has not yet been evaluated for sensitivity. The average underreporting rate of pulmonary TB to TBIMS in selected facilities was 8.

Is knowledge retained by healthcare providers after training? A pragmatic evaluation of drug-resistant tuberculosis management in China.

Objectives: Considering the urgent need of training to improve standardised management of drug-resistant infectious disease and the lack of evidence on the impact of training, this study evaluates whether training participants' knowledge on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is improved immediately and a year after training.

Setting And Participants: The study involved 91 MDR-TB healthcare providers (HCPs), including clinical doctors, nurses and CDC staff, who attended a new MDR-TB HCP training programme in Liaoning and Jiangxi provinces, China.

Main Outcome Measures: A phone-based assessment of participants' long-term retention of knowledge about MDR-TB management was conducted in July 2017, approximately 1 year after training.

Drainage outflow restriction as a parameter associated with cortical venous reflux in craniofacial arteriovenous malformations with cavernous sinus drainage.

Purpose: Craniofacial arteriovenous malformations (CF-AVMs) are locally aggressive extracranial lesions. When CF-AVMs involve cavernous sinus (CS) as their draining vein, they represent a special subgroup which may interfere intracranial venous system. In this study, we aimed to analyze the venous drainage patterns of CF-AVMs with CS drainage and to demonstrate how it affected our treatment strategy.

Spontaneous Regression of Parapharyngeal Arteriovenous Malformation.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are fast-flow vascular malformations that mostly occur in the head and neck region. They are typically progressive and their spontaneous regression is almost never seen. We present a case with pulsatile tinnitus and a parapharyngeal AVM.

Clinical outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving standardized second-line treatment regimen in China.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome and the risk factors associated with poor outcome of MDR-TB patients receiving standardized second-line treatment regimen in China.

Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2010, a total of 12,100 clinical diagnosed TB cases at high risk of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) were enrolled in this study. Routine follow-up tests were conducted every month during the 6-month intensive phase, and every two months during the 18-month continuation phase.

The Global Fund in China: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis nationwide programmatic scale-up and challenges to transition to full country ownership.

China has the world's second largest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB; resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin), with an estimated 57,000 cases (range, 48,000-67,000) among notified pulmonary TB patients in 2015. During October 1, 2006-June 30, 2014, China expanded MDR-TB care through a partnership with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund). We analyzed data on site expansion, patient enrolment, treatment outcomes, cost per patient, and overall programme expenditure.

Adverse Events Associated with Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in China: An Ambispective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND Adverse events are under-appreciated negative consequences that are significant clinical problems for patients undergoing anti-MDR-TB treatment due to longer duration of treatment and more need for concurrent use of multiple second-line drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of adverse events and their impact on MDR-TB therapy and treatment outcome, and to identify possible drug-event pairs in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS An ambispective cohort study was conducted based on hospital medical records, which included a retrospective study that enrolled 751 MDR-TB patients receiving standardized regimen between May 2009 and July 2013, and a follow-up investigation of treatment outcome conducted in December 2016 in China.

Cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis in China.

Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis launched in four sites in China in 2011.

Methods: In 2011-2012, we reviewed the records of 172 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who enrolled in the comprehensive programme and we collected relevant administrative data from hospitals and China's public health agency. For comparison, we examined a cohort of 81 patients who were treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2006-2009.

Effect of a comprehensive programme to provide universal access to care for sputum-smear-positive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: a before-and-after study.

Background: China has a quarter of all patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) worldwide, but less than 5% are in quality treatment programmes. In a before-and-after study we aimed to assess the effect of a comprehensive programme to provide universal access to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for MDRTB in four Chinese cities (population 18 million).

Methods: We designated city-level hospitals in each city to diagnose and treat MDRTB.

Tuberculosis prevalence in China, 1990-2010; a longitudinal analysis of national survey data.

Background: China scaled up a tuberculosis control programme (based on the directly observed treatment, short-course [DOTS] strategy) to cover half the population during the 1990s, and to the entire population after 2000. We assessed the effect of the programme.

Methods: In this longitudinal analysis, we compared data from three national tuberculosis prevalence surveys done in 1990, 2000, and 2010.

Adverse Events Associated With the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a growing public health problem. Due to long duration of therapy and concurrent use of multiple second-line drugs, adverse drug events (ADEs) are regarded as the most important clinical consideration in patients undergoing anti-MDR-TB treatment. To evaluate the frequency and type of treatment-related ADEs owing to MDR-TB therapy.

[Analysis on the spatial clustering of tuberculosis based on provincial level in China from 2008 to 2010].

Objective: To study the tuberculosis clustering areas and the changing trend, from 2008 to 2010, so as to provider the reference for tuberculosis control.

Methods: Global spatial autocorrelation and SaTScan methods were used to detect and analyse the spatial clustering of total tuberculosis notification rate and the new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis notification rate, at the provincial level from 2008 to 2010.

Results: The spatial clustering (SC) phenomenon was significant on total notification rate and new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis notification rate from 2008 to 2010 (P < 0.

COSMC is overexpressed in proliferating infantile hemangioma and enhances endothelial cell growth via VEGFR2.

Infantile hemangiomas are localized lesions comprised primarily of aberrant endothelial cells. COSMC plays a crucial role in blood vessel formation and is characterized as a molecular chaperone of T-synthase which catalyzes the synthesis of T antigen (Galβ1,3GalNAc). T antigen expression is associated with tumor malignancy in many cancers.

Oral bioavailability of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide in a 4-drug fixed-dose combination compared with the separate formulations in healthy Chinese male volunteers.

Background: Fixed-dose combination (FDC) formulations for the treatment of tuberculosis are now being recommended by the World Health Organization and used worldwide for reducing the risk of emerging drug resistance. China also plans that the FDC coverage will be achieved 100% in 2015 in every county in the country. However, the quality of FDCs with respect to variable bioavailability is a major issue.