Paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV), a tobamovirus from the Virgaviridae family, has been reported to infect pepper ( L.) in the Netherlands (García-Luque et al., 1993), Japan (Hamada et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTooth enamel, renowned for its high stiffness, hardness, and viscoelasticity, is an ideal model for designing biomimetic materials, but accurate replication of complex hierarchical organization of high-performance biomaterials in scalable abiological composites is challenging. We engineered an enamel analog with the essential hierarchical structure at multiple scales through assembly of amorphous intergranular phase (AIP)-coated hydroxyapatite nanowires intertwined with polyvinyl alcohol. The nanocomposite simultaneously exhibited high stiffness, hardness, strength, viscoelasticity, and toughness, exceeding the properties of enamel and previously manufactured bulk enamel-inspired materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe combined use of capping (lanthanum modified bentonite; LMB) and oxidizing (calcium nitrate; CN) agents was investigated to immobilize arsenic (As) in sediments. The vertical changes in labile As and dissolved As were measured using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and Rhizon devices. The results showed that the combined application of LMB and CN had the optimal effect on the immobilization of both DGT-labile As and dissolved As, compared to single treatments using LMB or CN.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new method has been developed for improving the overall immobilization efficiency of phosphorus (P) in sediment. A capping agent (lanthanum modified bentonite, LMB) was sprinkled on the sediment surface to prevent the release of P in the top sediment layer. Meanwhile, an oxidizing agent (calcium nitrate, CN) was injected into the sediment layer (~5 cm) to immobilize labile P in deep sediment layers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA good understanding of lead (Pb) mobilization in eutrophic lakes is a key to the accurate assessment of Pb pollution. In this work, dissolved and labile Pb was determined by both high resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper) and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) in sediment-water profiles of the hyper-eutrophic Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu on a monthly basis during one year. The drinking water standards for dissolved Pb of the World Health Organization (10μg/L) and those of China were exceeded in the overlying water (20.
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