Enhancing cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) detection and counting with a cost-effective deep learning approach on the Raspberry Pi.

Background: The cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a major global pest, causing significant crop damage through viral infestation and feeding. Traditional B. tabaci recognition relies on human eyes, which requires a large amount of work and high labor costs.

Characterization and expression analysis of the MADS-box gene AGL8 in cotton: insights into gene function differentiation in plant growth and stress resistance.

Background: AGAMOUS-LIKE 8 (AGL8) belongs to the MADS-box family, which plays important roles in transcriptional regulation, sequence-specific DNA binding and other biological processes and molecular functions. The genome of cotton, a representative polyploid plant, contains multiple AGL8 genes. However, their functional differentiation is still unclear.

Rapeseed Flower Counting Method Based on GhP2-YOLO and StrongSORT Algorithm.

Accurately quantifying flora and their respective anatomical structures within natural ecosystems is paramount for both botanical breeders and agricultural cultivators. For breeders, precise plant enumeration during the flowering phase is instrumental in discriminating genotypes exhibiting heightened flowering frequencies, while for growers, such data inform potential crop rotation strategies. Moreover, the quantification of specific plant components, such as flowers, can offer prognostic insights into the potential yield variances among different genotypes, thereby facilitating informed decisions pertaining to production levels.

The GaKAN2, a KANADI transcription factor, modulates stem trichomes in Gossypium arboreum.

GaKAN2, a member of the KANADI family, was found to be widely expressed in the cotton tissues and regulates trichome development through complex pathways. Cotton trichomes are believed to be the defense barrier against insect pests. Cotton fiber and trichomes are single-cell epidermal extensions with shared regulatory mechanisms.

Alternative Splicing under Cold Stress in Paper Mulberry.

The paper mulberry is a commonly found tree species with a long history of cultivation. It also serves as a crucial case study for understanding how woody plants adapt to low temperatures. Under cold treatment, we observed a substantial number of alternative splicing (AS) genes, showcasing the intricate landscape of AS events.

Segmentation and Phenotype Calculation of Rapeseed Pods Based on YOLO v8 and Mask R-Convolution Neural Networks.

Rapeseed is a significant oil crop, and the size and length of its pods affect its productivity. However, manually counting the number of rapeseed pods and measuring the length, width, and area of the pod takes time and effort, especially when there are hundreds of rapeseed resources to be assessed. This work created two state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods to identify rapeseed pods and related pod attributes, which are then implemented in rapeseed pots to improve the accuracy of the rapeseed yield estimate.

Alternative Splicing during Fiber Development in .

Cotton is a valuable cash crop in many countries. Cotton fiber is a trichome that develops from a single epidermal cell and serves as an excellent model for understanding cell differentiation and other life processes. Alternative splicing (AS) of genes is a common post-transcriptional regulatory process in plants that is essential for plant growth and development.

How organic switches grafting on TiO modifies the surface potentials: theoretical insights.

Hybrid organic switch-inorganic semiconductor systems have important applications in both photo-responsive intelligent surfaces and microfluidic devices. In this context, herein, we performed first-principles calculations to investigate a series of organic switches of /-azobenzene fluoride and pristine/oxidized trimethoxysilane adsorbed on low-index anatase slabs. The trends in the surface-adsorbate interplay were examined in terms of the electronic structures and potential distributions.

Polarization-resolved and helicity-resolved Raman spectra of monolayer XP (X = Ge and In).

Monolayer XP (X = Ge, In) is a theoretically predicted two-dimensional (2D) material with fascinating adsorption efficiency, foreshadowing its potential applications in the photovoltaic and optoelectronic communities. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of its optical properties and to further boost quickly identifying its specific applications, in this paper we systematically investigated the polarization-resolved and helicity-resolved Raman spectra excited by two commonly used laser lines (532 nm and 633 nm) through density functional theory. The dynamical stability of monolayer XP is demonstrated by phonon dispersion.

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed the Key Genes and Pathways Involved in Seed Germination of Maize Tolerant to Deep-Sowing.

To improve our understanding of the mechanism of maize seed germination under deep sowing, transcriptome sequencing and physiological metabolism analyses were performed using B73 embryos separated from ungerminated seeds (UG) or seeds germinated for 2 d at a depth of 2 cm (normal sowing, NS) or 20 cm (deep sowing, DS). Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that "response to oxidative stress" and "monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body" were the most significant GO terms in up- and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of DS. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that "phenylpropanoid biosynthesis" and "starch and sucrose metabolism" were critical processes in maize seed germination under deep-sowing conditions.

Comprehensive Analysis of Five -like Genes and Their Potential Functions in Flower Development.

Bamboo is one of the most important non-timber forest resources worldwide. It has considerable economic value and unique flowering characteristics. The long juvenile phase in bamboo and unpredictable flowering time limit breeding and genetic improvement and seriously affect the productivity and application of bamboo forests.

A Modified Actin (Gly65Val Substitution) Expressed in Cotton Disrupts Polymerization of Actin Filaments Leading to the Phenotype of Ligon Lintless-1 () Mutant.

Dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in the elongation of cotton fibers, which are the most important natural fibers in the global textile industry. Here, a high-resolution mapping approach combined with comparative sequencing and a transgenic method revealed that a G65V substitution in the cotton actin Gh_D04G0865 (GhACT17D in the wild-type) is responsible for the Ligon lintless-1 () mutant (GhACT17DM). In the mutant GhACT17DM from plant, Gly65 is substituted with valine on the lip of the nucleotide-binding domain of GhACT17D, which probably affects the polymerization of F-actin.

Differentiation in the genetic basis of stem trichome development between cultivated tetraploid cotton species.

Background: Cotton stem trichomes and seed fibers are each single celled structures formed by protrusions of epidermal cells, and were found sharing the overlapping molecular mechanism. Compared with fibers, cotton stem trichomes are more easily observed, but the molecular mechanisms underlying their development are still poorly understood.

Results: In this study, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) and G.

LINC01980 stimulates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via downregulating caspase 9.

Purpose: To uncover the role of LINC01980 in aggravating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via targeting caspase 9.

Methods: The expression levels of LINC01980 and caspase 9 in HCC tissues and paracancer tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. The prognostic potentials of LINC01980 and caspase 9 in HCC were assessed by Kaplan-Meier method.

Genomic diversifications of five Gossypium allopolyploid species and their impact on cotton improvement.

Polyploidy is an evolutionary innovation for many animals and all flowering plants, but its impact on selection and domestication remains elusive. Here we analyze genome evolution and diversification for all five allopolyploid cotton species, including economically important Upland and Pima cottons. Although these polyploid genomes are conserved in gene content and synteny, they have diversified by subgenomic transposon exchanges that equilibrate genome size, evolutionary rate heterogeneities and positive selection between homoeologs within and among lineages.

GaHD1, a candidate gene for the Gossypium arboreum SMA-4 mutant, promotes trichome and fiber initiation by cellular HO and Ca signals.

Cotton fibers are initiated from the epidermal cells of the ovule before or on the day of anthesis. Gossypium arboreum SMA-4 mutant contains recessive mutation (sma-4(ha)) and has the phenotypes of fibreless seeds and glabrous stems. In this study, fine mapping and alternative splicing analysis indicated a nucleotide substitution (AG → AC) at splicing site in a homeodomain-leucine zipper IV family gene (GaHD1) might cause gene A3S (Alternative 3' splicing) mistake, suggested that GaHD1 was the candidate gene of sma-4(ha).

Preferential insertion of a Ty1 LTR-retrotransposon into the A sub-genome's HD1 gene significantly correlated with the reduction in stem trichomes of tetraploid cotton.

Stem trichomes and seed fibers originate from epidermal cells and partially share a regulatory pathway at the molecular level. In Gossypium barbadense, two insertions of a Ty1 long-terminal repeat-retrotransposon [transposable element TE1 and TE2] in a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene (HD1) result in glabrous stems. The primers used to identify the TE insertions in G.

B-Box Containing Proteins BBX30 and BBX31, Acting Downstream of HY5, Negatively Regulate Photomorphogenesis in .

Light-mediated seedling development is coordinately controlled by a variety of key regulators. Here, we identified two B-box (BBX)-containing proteins, BBX30 and BBX31, as repressors of photomorphogenesis. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5, a central regulator of light signaling, directly binds to the element present in the promoters of and and negatively controls their transcription levels in the light.

Genome-wide identification of MADS-box family genes in moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and a functional analysis of PeMADS5 in flowering.

Background: MADS-box genes encode a large family of transcription factors that play significant roles in plant growth and development. Bamboo is an important non-timber forest product worldwide, but previous studies on the moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) MADS-box gene family were not accurate nor sufficiently detailed.

Results: Here, a complete genome-wide identification and characterization of the MADS-box genes in moso bamboo was conducted.

Epigenetic perspectives on the evolution and domestication of polyploid plant and crops.

Polyploidy or whole genome duplication (WGD) is a prominent feature for genome evolution of some animals and all flowering plants, including many important crops such as wheat, cotton, and canola. In autopolyploids, genome duplication often perturbs dosage regulation on biological networks. In allopolyploids, interspecific hybridization could induce genetic and epigenetic changes, the effects of which could be amplified by genome doubling (ploidy changes).

Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of Salvia miltiorrhiza for discovery of genes associated with the biosynthesis of tanshinones and phenolic acids.

Tanshinones and phenolic acids are crucial bioactive compounds biosynthesized in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an effective elicitor to enhance the production of phenolic acids and tanshinones simultaneously, while yeast extract (YE) is used as a biotic elicitor that only induce tanshinones accumulation. However, little was known about the different molecular mechanism.

Mapping of Ppd-B1, a Major Candidate Gene for Late Heading on Wild Emmer Chromosome Arm 2BS and Assessment of Its Interactions with Early Heading QTLs on 3AL.

Wheat heading date is an important agronomic trait determining maturation time and yield. A set of common wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring; CS)-wild emmer (T.

Populus euphratica APYRASE2 Enhances Cold Tolerance by Modulating Vesicular Trafficking and Extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis Plants.

Apyrase and extracellular ATP play crucial roles in mediating plant growth and defense responses. In the cold-tolerant poplar, Populus euphratica, low temperatures up-regulate APYRASE2 (PeAPY2) expression in callus cells. We investigated the biochemical characteristics of PeAPY2 and its role in cold tolerance.

High rates of virus-induced gene silencing by tobacco rattle virus in Populus.

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been shown to be an effective tool for investigating gene functions in herbaceous plant species, but has rarely been tested in trees. The establishment of a fast and reliable transformation system is especially important for woody plants, many of which are recalcitrant to transformation. In this study, we established a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS system for two Populus species, Populus euphratica and P.

The Hairless Stem Phenotype of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) Is Linked to a Copia-Like Retrotransposon Insertion in a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Gene (HD1).

Cotton (Gossypium) stem trichomes are mostly single cells that arise from stem epidermal cells. In this study, a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene (HD1) was found to cosegregate with the dominant trichome locus previously designated as T1 and mapped to chromosome 6. Characterization of HD1 orthologs revealed that the absence of stem trichomes in modern Gossypium barbadense varieties is linked to a large retrotransposon insertion in the ninth exon, 2565 bp downstream from the initial codon in the At subgenome HD1 gene (At-GbHD1).