Small Papillae Regulated by SPD25 are Critical for Balancing Photosynthetic CO Assimilation and Water Loss in Rice.

Background: The leaf epidermis plays an important role in the transmission of light and the regulation of water and gas exchange, which influences the photosynthesis of mesophyll cells. Small papillae (SP) are one of the important structural elements of the leaf epidermis. The mechanism of the effect that small papillae have on rice leaf photosynthetic performance remains unclear.

A Single Nucleotide Variation of Affected the Establishment of Photosynthetic System in Rice.

Chloroplasts are essential sites for plant photosynthesis, and the biogenesis of the photosynthetic complexes involves the interaction of nuclear genes and chloroplast genes. In this study, we identified a rice pale green leaf mutant, . The mutant showed different degrees of low chlorophyll phenotypes at different growth stages, especially at the seedling stage.

A natural variation in the promoter of GRA117 affects carbon assimilation in rice.

GRA117 is crucial in the process of carbon assimilation in rice as it regulates the development of chloroplasts, which in turn facilitates the Calvin-Benson cycle. Carbon assimilation is a critical process for plant growth, and despite numerous relevant studies, there are still unknown constraints. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant, gra117, which exhibited seedling albinism, delayed chloroplast development, decreased chlorophyll content, reduced yield, and seedling stress susceptibility, as compared to WT.

WSL214 negatively regulates ROS accumulation and pathogen defense response in rice.

WSL214 plays an important role in promoting cellular ROS homeostasis by enhancing catalase activity and reducing photosynthetic ROS production. ROS are the important regulator of cellular homeostasis, and balancing ROS production and clearance contributes to cellular activity. Although many genes associated with ROS have been cloned, the mechanism of this balance is not fully understood.

Mapping combined with principal component analysis identifies excellent lines with increased rice quality.

Quality-related traits are some of the most important traits in rice, and screening and breeding rice lines with excellent quality are common ways for breeders to improve the quality of rice. In this study, we used 151 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) obtained by crossing the northern cultivated japonica rice variety ShenNong265 (SN265) with the southern indica rice variety LuHui99 (LH99) and simplified 18 common rice quality-related traits into 8 independent principal components (PCs) by principal component analysis (PCA). These PCs included peak and hot paste viscosity, chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree, brown and milled rice recovery, width length rate, cooked taste score, head rice recovery, milled rice width, and cooked comprehensive score factors.