Integrated Analysis of Metatranscriptome and Amplicon Sequencing to Reveal Distinctive Rhizospheric Microorganisms of Salt-Tolerant Rice.

Salt stress poses a significant constraint on rice production, so further exploration is imperative to elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms governing salt tolerance in rice. By manipulating the rhizosphere microbial communities or targeting specific microbial functions, it is possible to enhance salt tolerance in crops, improving crop yields and food security in saline environments. In this study, we conducted rice rhizospheric microbial amplicon sequencing and metatranscriptome analysis, revealing substantial microbiomic differences between the salt-tolerant rice cultivar TLJIAN and the salt-sensitive HUAJING.

Multi-Omics Analyses Uncover the Mechanism Underlying Polyploidization-Enhanced Steviol Glycosides Biosynthesis in .

(Bertoni) is a valuable sweetener plant whose sweetness primarily derives from steviol glycosides (SGs), especially rebaudioside A (RA). Polyploidization has the potential to enhance the content of active ingredients in medicinal plants, making this strategy a promising avenue for genetic improvement. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the fluctuating SGs content between autotetraploid and diploid stevia remain unclear.

Exploring Information Exchange between and Its Host through Joint Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis.

Background: known as the "plant antibiotic" is a facultative root hemi-parasitic herb while can serve as its host. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the communication between and its host remained largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of transferred metabolites and mobile mRNAs exchanged between and .

The phenotypic variation mechanisms of Atractylodes lancea post-cultivation revealed by conjoint analysis of rhizomic transcriptome and metabolome.

The wild Atractylodes lancea rhizomes have been traditionally used as herbal medicine. As the increasingly exhaustion of wild A. lancea, the artificial cultivation mainly contributed to the medicinal material production.

Light and Potassium Improve the Quality of through Optimizing Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Alteration.

Background: is a perennial epiphytic herb in Orchidaceae. Cultivated products are the main alternative for clinical application due to the shortage of wild resources. However, the phenotype and quality of have changed post-artificial cultivation, and environmental cues such as light, temperature, water, and nutrition supply are the major influencing factors.

Integrative analyses of targeted metabolome and transcriptome of Isatidis Radix autotetraploids highlighted key polyploidization-responsive regulators.

Background: Isatidis Radix, the root of Isatis indigotica Fort. (Chinese woad) can produce a variety of efficacious compound with medicinal properties. The tetraploid I.

Profiling of rice Cd-tolerant genes through yeast-based cDNA library survival screening.

The bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in crop and the subsequent food chain has aroused extensive concerns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of plant Cd tolerance remain to be clarified from the viewpoint of novel candidate genes. Here we described a highly efficient approach for preliminary identifying rice Cd-tolerant genes through the yeast-based cDNA library survival screening combined with high-throughput sequencing strategy.

Maize NAC-domain retained splice variants act as dominant negatives to interfere with the full-length NAC counterparts.

The plant-specific NAC transcription factors play diverse roles in various stress signaling. Alternative splicing is particularly prevalent in plants under stress. However, the investigation of cadmium (Cd) on the differential expression of the splice variants of NACs is in its infancy.

Bioinformatic Exploration of the Targets of Xylem Sap miRNAs in Maize under Cadmium Stress.

Cadmium (Cd) has the potential to be chronically toxic to humans through contaminated crop products. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can move systemically in plants. To investigate the roles of long-distance moving xylem miRNAs in regulating maize response to Cd stress, three xylem sap small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed for high-throughput sequencing to identify potential mobile miRNAs in Cd-stressed maize seedlings and their putative targets in maize transcriptomes.

Comprehensive Analysis of the Cadmium Tolerance of Abscisic Acid-, Stress- and Ripening-Induced Proteins (ASRs) in Maize.

In plants, abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) proteins have been shown to impart tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. However, their roles in metal stress tolerance are poorly understood. To screen plant Cd-tolerance genes, the yeast-based gene hunting method which aimed to screen Cd-tolerance colonies from maize leaf cDNA library hosted in yeast was carried out.

Comparative analysis of Cd-responsive maize and rice transcriptomes highlights Cd co-modulated orthologs.

Background: Metal tolerance is often an integrative result of metal uptake and distribution, which are fine-tuned by a network of signaling cascades and metal transporters. Thus, with the goal of advancing the molecular understanding of such metal homeostatic mechanisms, comparative RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis was conducted to dissect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize roots exposed to cadmium (Cd) stress.

Results: To unveil conserved Cd-responsive genes in cereal plants, the obtained 5166 maize DEGs were compared with 2567 Cd-regulated orthologs in rice roots, and this comparison generated 880 universal Cd-responsive orthologs groups composed of 1074 maize DEGs and 981 rice counterparts.

Co-expression network analysis of the transcriptomes of rice roots exposed to various cadmium stresses reveals universal cadmium-responsive genes.

Background: The migration of cadmium (Cd) from contaminated soil to rice is a cause for concern. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the response of rice roots to various Cd stresses remains to be clarified from the viewpoint of the co-expression network at a system-wide scale.

Results: We employed a comparative RNAseq-based approach to identify early Cd-responsive differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in rice 'Nipponbare' seedling roots after 1 h of high-Cd treatment.

The role of ZmWRKY4 in regulating maize antioxidant defense under cadmium stress.

WRKY transcription factors act as positive regulators in abiotic stress responses by activation of the cellular antioxidant systems. However, there are few reports on the response of WRKY genes to cadmium (Cd) stress. In this study, the role of maize ZmWRKY4 in regulating antioxidant enzymes in Cd stress was investigated.

Comparative transcriptome profiling of the fertile and sterile flower buds of a dominant genic male sterile line in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.).

Background: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a globally important oilseed crop with highly-valued oil. Strong hybrid vigor is frequently observed within this crop, which can be exploited by the means of genic male sterility (GMS).

ZmABA2, an interacting protein of ZmMPK5, is involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions.

In maize (Zea mays), the mitogen-activated protein kinase ZmMPK5 has been shown to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defence and to enhance the tolerance of plants to drought, salt stress and oxidative stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using ZmMPK5 as bait in yeast two-hybrid screening, a protein interacting with ZmMPK5 named ZmABA2, which belongs to a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, was identified.

ABA Affects Brassinosteroid-Induced Antioxidant Defense via ZmMAP65-1a in Maize Plants.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) and ABA co-ordinately regulate water deficit tolerance in maize leaves. ZmMAP65-1a, a maize microtubule-associated protein (MAP) which plays an essential role in BR-induced antioxidant defense, has been characterized previously. However, the interactions among BR, ABA and ZmMAP65-1a in water deficit tolerance remain unexplored.

Calcium and ZmCCaMK are involved in brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defense in maize leaves.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been shown to enhance stress tolerance by inducing antioxidant defense systems. However, the mechanisms of BR-induced antioxidant defense in plants remain to be determined. In this study, the role of calcium (Ca(2+)) and maize calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK), ZmCCaMK, in BR-induced antioxidant defense, and the relationship between ZmCCaMK and Ca(2+) in BR signaling were investigated.

A novel rice C2H2-type zinc finger protein, ZFP36, is a key player involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defence and oxidative stress tolerance in rice.

C2H2-type zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) have been shown to play important roles in the responses of plants to oxidative and abiotic stresses, and different members of this family might have different roles during stresses. Here a novel abscisic acid (ABA)- and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-responsive C2H2-type ZFP gene, ZFP36, is identified in rice. The analyses of ZFP36-overexpressing and silenced transgenic rice plants showed that ZFP36 is involved in ABA-induced up-regulation of the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX).

OsHK3 is a crucial regulator of abscisic acid signaling involved in antioxidant defense in rice.

In this study, the role of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) histidine kinase OsHK3 in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense was investigated. Treatments with ABA, H2 O2 , and polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced the expression of OsHK3 in rice leaves, and H2 O2 is required for ABA-induced increase in the expression of OsHK3 under water stress.

MAP65-1a positively regulates H2O2 amplification and enhances brassinosteroid-induced antioxidant defence in maize.

Brassinosteroid (BR)-induced antioxidant defence has been shown to enhance stress tolerance. In this study, the role of the maize 65 kDa microtubule-associated protein (MAP65), ZmMAP65-1a, in BR-induced antioxidant defence was investigated. Treatment with BR increased the expression of ZmMAP65-1a in maize (Zea mays) leaves and mesophyll protoplasts.

OsDMI3-mediated activation of OsMPK1 regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes in abscisic acid signalling in rice.

In rice, the Ca(2+) /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) OsDMI3 has been shown to be required for abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defence. However, it is not clear how OsDMI3 participates in this process in rice. In this study, the cross-talk between OsDMI3 and the major ABA-activated MAPK OsMPK1 in ABA-induced antioxidant defence was investigated.

ZmCPK11 is involved in abscisic acid-induced antioxidant defence and functions upstream of ZmMPK5 in abscisic acid signalling in maize.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been shown to be involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated physiological processes, including seed germination, post-germination growth, stomatal movement, and plant stress tolerance. However, it is not clear whether CDPKs are involved in ABA-induced antioxidant defence. In the present study, the role of the maize CDPK ZmCPK11 in ABA-induced antioxidant defence and the relationship between ZmCPK11 and ZmMPK5, a maize ABA-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), in ABA signalling were investigated.

OsDMI3 is a novel component of abscisic acid signaling in the induction of antioxidant defense in leaves of rice.

Ca(2+) and calmodulin (CaM) have been shown to play an important role in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced antioxidant defense. However, it is unknown whether Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) is involved in the process. In the present study, the role of rice CCaMK, OsDMI3, in ABA-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa) plants.