Preparation and characterization of highly porous direct compression carrier particles with improved drug loading during an interactive mixing process.

The aim of this study was to prepare highly porous carrier particles by emulsion solvent evaporation and compare the loading capacity of these beads with two traditional carriers, sugar beads, and microcrystalline cellulose granules during an interactive mixing process. The porous carrier particles were prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation process using cellulose propionate as a binder, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate, and ion exchange resins as a fillers, and polyethylene glycol as a pore inducer. Micronized furosemide or griseofulvin powder was mixed with the same volume of each carrier in an interactive mixing process.

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis.

Aim: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats.

Methods: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails.

Variable-temperature X-ray powder diffraction analysis of the crystal transformation of the pharmaceutically preferred polymorph C of mebendazole.

Mebendazole is a common benzimidazole anthelmintic that is water insoluble. It is reported to exist in three different polymorphic forms in the solid state, i.e.

Effect of processing variables on the release and particulate properties of sustained release amoxicillin microcapsules prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation.

This study reports the preparation of amoxicillin microcapsules by an emulsion solvent evaporation process. In particular the effect of processing variables including the dimension and position of stirring paddle and container; volume of continuous phase versus dispersion phase; stirring speed and encapsulation temperature on the release and particulate properties of the amoxicillin microcapsules were determined. When the diameter of the paddle was half of that of the container and the clearance between the paddle and the bottom of the vessel was 1/4 of the total volume in the vessel, almost no material stuck to the inside wall of the beaker and uniform microcapsules were prepared.

Effect of viscosity and concentration of wall former, emulsifier and pore-inducer on the properties of amoxicillin microcapsules prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation.

This study reports the laboratory optimization for the preparation of sustained release amoxicillin (AMX) ethylcellulose microcapsules by an emulsion solvent evaporation process by adjusting the viscosity and concentration of ethylcellulose, ratio of amoxicillin to ethylcellulose, and concentration of emulsifier and pore inducer. When ethylcellulose with a viscosity of 45 mPa.s was used, almost no material stuck to the inside wall of the beaker and uniform microcapsules were prepared.

Effect of a change in crystal polymorph on the degree of adhesion between micronized drug particles and large homogenous carrier particles during an interactive mixing process.

This study reports the effect of a change in crystal form on the quality of interactive mixtures prepared with homogenous sugar beads and the three polymorphs of chloramphenicol palmitate (CAP). Six mixtures containing micronized CAP polymorph powder (0.5%) and sugar beads (99.

Structural characterization, physicochemical properties, suspension stability, and adsorption properties of four solid forms of amitraz.

This paper reports the identification and preparation of three crystalline (A-C) and one metastable form (D) of amitraz. These were identified by their crystal morphology, crystal structures, aqueous solubility, and thermal properties. Form C was the least soluble (7 mug/mL) and had the highest melting point (115 degrees C).

Preparation and physicochemical characterization of 5 niclosamide solvates and 1 hemisolvate.

The purpose of the study was to characterize the physicochemical, structural, and spectral properties of the 1:1 niclosamide and methanol, diethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N' dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran solvates and the 2:1 niclosamide and tetraethylene glycol hemisolvate prepared by recrystallization from these organic solvents. Structural, spectral, and thermal analysis results confirmed the presence of the solvents and differences in the structural properties of these solvates. In addition, differences in the activation energy of desolvation, batch solution calorimetry, and the aqueous solubility at 25 degrees C, 24 hours, showed the stability of the solvates to be in the order: anhydrate > diethyl ether solvate > tetraethylene glycol hemisolvate > methanol solvate > dimethyl sulfoxide solvate > N,N' dimethylformamide solvate.

Preparation and physicochemical properties of niclosamide anhydrate and two monohydrates.

The intent of the study was to prepare and characterize three crystal forms of niclosamide namely the anhydrate and the two monohydrates and to investigate the moisture adsorption and desorption behavior of these crystal forms. The crystal forms were prepared by recrystallization and were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, isoperibol solution calorimetry, Karl Fischer titration, and X-ray powder diffractometry. Moisture adsorption by the anhydrate at increased relative humidities and two temperatures, 30 and 40 degrees C, was measured while the desorption from the monohydrates was determined at 45, 55, and 65 degrees C for monohydrate H(A) and 75, 90, and 100 degrees C for monohydrate H(B).

Structural characterization, physicochemical properties, and thermal stability of three crystal forms of nifedipine.

In this study the single-crystal X-ray structure of the solvated species (nifedipine)2. 1,4-dioxane is reported for the first time. Included solvent molecules are located in isolated cavities in the crystal, yielding a very stable solvate.