The cGAS-STING pathway connects mitochondrial damage to inflammation in burn-induced acute lung injury in rat.

Objective: Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are pathological mediators linking local tissue damage to systemic inflammation in various diseases. Some DAMPs, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), can be recognized by the cytoplasmic cGAS protein to trigger the activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent innate immune pathway responsible for infection or sterile inflammation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between circulating mtDNA and cGAS-STING pathway activation in mediating inflammation following burn injury.

FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 negatively regulates shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis.

Light is a key limiting factor of plant growth and development under the canopy. Specific light signals, such as a low ratio of red : far-red (R:FR) light, trigger the shade avoidance response, which affects hypocotyl, stem, and leaf growth. Although multiple components mediating shade avoidance responses have been identified in the past few decades, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Structure of a green algal photosystem I in complex with a large number of light-harvesting complex I subunits.

Photosystem I (PSI) is a highly efficient natural light-energy converter, and has diverse light-harvesting antennas associated with its core in different photosynthetic organisms. In green algae, an extremely large light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) captures and transfers energy to the PSI core. Here, we report the structure of PSI-LHCI from a green alga Bryopsis corticulans at 3.

Tau Is Elevated in Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Neurologic injury is a known and feared complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Neurologic biomarkers may have a role in assisting in early identification of such. Axonal biomarker tau has not been investigated in the pediatric ECMO population.

Correlation analysis on the expression levels of microRNA-23a and microRNA-23b and the incidence and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-23a and miR-23b in the tumor tissues of patients with ovarian cancer. The study also explored the correlation of miR-23a and miR-23b expression levels in the tumor tissues with the clinic-pathological parameters and prognosis of the patients. Specimens of frozen tumor tissues and normal tissues adjacent to the tumor were collected from 50 patients with ovarian cancer.

Optimization of low-abundance protein extraction and abundant protein removal from defatted soybean meal.

The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for the extraction of low-abundance proteins (LAPs) and the removal of abundant proteins (APs; β-conglycinin and glycinin) from soybean meal. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to determine the effects of four factors (isopropanol concentration, total extraction time, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic time) on protein concentration in isopropanol extracts. Proteins in the isopropanol supernatant and the cold acetone precipitate of isopropanol were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).

Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immune system, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alfalfa flavonoids on the production performance, immunity, and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows.

Methods: The experiments employed four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas, and used a 4×4 Latin square design. Cattle were fed total mixed ration supplemented with 0 (control group, Con), 20, 60, or 100 mg of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) per kg of dairy cow body weight (BW).

Effects of alfalfa flavonoids extract on the microbial flora of dairy cow rumen.

Objective: The effect of flavonoids from alfalfa on the microbial flora was determined using molecular techniques of 16S ribosome deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) analysis.

Methods: Four primiparous Holstein heifers fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square design and fed a total mixed ration to which alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) was added at the rates of 0 (A, control), 20 (B), 60 (C), or 100 (D) mg per kg of heifer BW.

Results: The number of operational taxonomic units in heifers given higher levels of flavonoid extract (C and D) was higher than for the two other treatments.

Three-dimensional culture system can induce expression of casein in immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are not ideal models for long-term studies of lactation mechanisms because these cells in a monolayer culture system cannot be polarized to simulate the physiological functions in vitro. We investigate the effects of different culture models and karyotypes on casein expression in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. The immortalized cells' karyotypes were analyzed at passages 10, 20, 30 and 40 to detect the effects of chromosome stability.

Establishment of primary bovine intestinal epithelial cell culture and clone method.

The aim of this study was to establish bovine intestinal epithelial cell (BIEC) line and provide a novel clone cell method. Although various strategies of bovine cell culture and clone techniques have been reported, these methods remain not established. Here, we culture successfully primary BIECs and establish a novel clone cell method.

Adult obese mice suffer from chronic secondary brain injury after mild TBI.

Background: A traumatic brain injury (TBI) event is a devastating injury to the brain that may result in heightened inflammation, neurodegeneration, and subsequent cognitive and mood deficits. TBI victims with co-morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, or obesity may be more vulnerable to the secondary brain injury that follows the initial insult. Compared to lean individuals, obese subjects tend to have worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates after trauma.

Severe burn increased skeletal muscle loss in mdx mutant mice.

Background: Severe burn causes muscle mass loss and atrophy. The balance between muscle cell death and growth maintains tissue homeostasis. We hypothesize that preexisting cellular structural defects will exacerbate skeletal muscle mass loss after burn.

Discovery of a novel 6,7-disubstituted-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinolines bearing 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide moiety as potent c-Met kinase inhibitors.

A series of 6,7-disubstituted-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives possessing 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against four typical cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29, and MKN-45). Most compounds showed moderate-to-excellent antiproliferative activity. Compounds 32, 36, 37, 45, 51, and 52 were further examined for their inhibitory activity against c-Met kinase.

[The effect of superior oblique tucking on the status of ocular torsion].

Objective: To investigate the effect of superior oblique tucking on the status of ocular torsion.

Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. We reviewed the records of 25 patients underwent superior oblique tucking for treatment of superior oblique palsy in Tianjin Eye Hospital from January 2012 to and August 2013, among them, there were 12 patients had undergone inferior oblique myectomy or inferior rectus recession before this operation.

Effects of exercise on soleus in severe burn and muscle disuse atrophy.

Background: Muscle loss is a sequela of severe burn and critical illness with bed rest contributing significantly to atrophy. We hypothesize that exercise will mitigate muscle loss after burn with bed rest.

Materials And Methods: Male rats were assigned to sham ambulatory (S/A), burn ambulatory (B/A), sham hindlimb unloading (S/H), or burn hindlimb unloading (B/H).

Discovery andw biological evaluation of novel 6,7-disubstituted-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives possessing 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide moiety as c-Met kinase inhibitors.

A series of 6,7-disubstituted-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)quinoline derivatives possessing 1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro biological activities against c-Met kinase and five typical cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29, MKN-45 and U87MG). Most compounds showed moderate to excellent antiproliferative activity. In this study, a promising compound 34, with a c-Met IC50 value of 1.

Serum Levels of Neurofilament-H are Elevated in Patients Suffering From Severe Burns.

In previous studies, after injury, burn patients experienced an increase in neuro-inflammation, edema, and neuronal cell death. As demonstrated in other brain injury models, fluid-based biomarkers such as phosphorylated neurofilament-H (pNFL-H) have been shown to correlate with injury severity. In this study the authors hypothesized that burn-injured patients have an increase in pNFL-H in the blood during the acute and chronic time-points after injury.

[The effect of superior oblique recession on the status of ocular torsion].

Objective: To investigate the effect of superior oblique recession on the status of ocular torsion.

Methods: Twenty patients (31 eyes ) underwent superior oblique recession for treatment of superior oblique overacting, 11 cases had both eyes involvement while 9 had monocular.Objective cyclotorsion were examined pre-operation, as well as 1, 30, 90 days post-operation with fundus photograph.

Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 6,7-disubstituted-4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives as potential antitumor agents.

Two series of 6,7-disubstituted-4-phenoxyquinoline derivatives bearing 2,4-imidazolinedione/pyrazolone scaffold were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their c-Met kinase inhibition and cytotoxicity against HT-29, H460, A549, MKN-45, and U87MG cancer cell lines in vitro. The pharmacological data indicated that most of the tested compounds showed moderate to significant cytotoxicity and high selectivity against HT-29, H460 and A549 cancer cell lines as compared with foretinib. The SAR analyses indicated that compounds with halogen groups, especially trifluoromethyl groups at 2-position on the phenyl ring (moiety B) were more effective.

Hypertonic HBOC-201 decreases neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock.

Objective: To evaluate neutrophil activation after exposure to standard HBC-201 (suspended in lactate Ringer's solution) versus HBOC-201 suspended in hypertonic 7.5% saline solution.

Methods: We use plasma and tissue obtained from pigs subjected to controlled hemorrhagic shock and an ex vivo model of stimulated human whole blood.

Identification of the forkhead transcriptional factor 2 (FOXL2) gene mutations in four Chinese families with blepharophimosis syndrome.

Purpose: To determine the genetic origin of disease in four Chinese families with blepharophimosis syndrome.

Methods: Four Han Chinese families with blepharophimosis syndrome were ascertained and patients underwent complete physical and ophthalmic examinations. Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted.

A TREM-1 Polymorphism A/T within the Exon 2 Is Associated with Pneumonia in Burn-Injured Patients.

Background. The triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM-1) is a key mediator in the activation of the local inflammatory response during lung infections. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a functionally relevant TREM-1 single nucleotide polymorphism within the exon 2 (A→T) on the development of pneumonia in burn patients.

Examination with next-generation sequencing technology of the bacterial microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage samples after traumatic injury.

Background: We examined the microbiota of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to determine whether its results correlate with those of standard culture methods or affect patient outcome or both.

Methods: We collected BAL samples in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) as part of the standard of care for intubated individuals who had a Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS)≥6 points. A portion of the BAL fluid was sequenced for the 16S region of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) with the Roche 454 FLX Titanium sequencer.

Resveratrol decreases inflammation in the brain of mice with mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Following a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) event, the secondary brain injury that persists after the initial blow to the head consists of excitotoxicity, decreased cerebral glucose levels, oxidant injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. To date, there are no effective interventions used at decreasing secondary brain injury after mild TBI.

Methods: In this study, male mice were treated with either placebo or resveratrol (100 mg/kg) at 5 minutes and 12 hours after mild TBI.

[Recession of both horizontal rectus muscles in Duane Retraction Syndrome with significant globe retraction].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Recession of both horizontal rectus muscles in Duane Retraction Syndrome with significant globe retraction.

Methods: Sixteen cases with DRS were summarized retrospectively. All patients had undergone surgery with recession of both horizontal rectus muscles.