Hydrochloric Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury Models: Dynamic Change and Quantitative Analysis of Modified Lung Ultrasound Scoring System and High-Resolution Computed Tomography.

Objective: Acute lung injury (ALI) has become a research hotspot due to its significant public health impact. To explore the value of the use of modified lung ultrasound (MLUS) scoring system for evaluating ALI using a rabbit model of ALI induced by hydrochloric acid (HCl) and investigate its correlation with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and histopathological scores.

Methods: Twenty New Zealand laboratory rabbits were randomly assigned to control group (N = 5) and 3 experimental groups (N = 5 each).

Variation of rice starch structure and physicochemical properties in response to high natural temperature during the reproductive stage.

Climate warming affects rice growth at different phenological stages, thereby increasing rice chalkiness and protein content and reducing eating and cooking quality (ECQ). The structural and physicochemical properties of rice starch played important roles in determining rice quality. However, differences in their response to high temperature during the reproductive stage have been rarely studied.

Response of Source-Sink Characteristics and Rice Quality to High Natural Field Temperature During Reproductive Stage in Irrigated Rice System.

Global warming greatly affects the development of rice at different growth stages, thereby deteriorating rice quality. However, the effect of high natural field temperature during reproductive stages on rice quality is unclear. Thus, grain filling dynamics, source-sink characteristics and quality-related traits were compared between two contrasting natural field temperature conditions namely normal (low temperature) (LRT) and hot (high temperature) growth season (HRT) during reproductive stage.

Effect of microbial community structures and metabolite profile on greenhouse gas emissions in rice varieties.

Rice paddy fields are major sources of atmospheric methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO). Rice variety is an important factor affecting CH and NO emissions. However, the interactive effects of rice metabolites and microorganisms on CH and NO emissions in paddy fields are not clearly understood.

Use of Protein Content, Amylose Content, and RVA Parameters to Evaluate the Taste Quality of Rice.

Taste quality of rice is the key to its value. However, it is greatly affected by rice types and the environment. It is a complex but necessary factor to accurately evaluate the taste quality of various types of rice in different environments.

Dry cultivation with ratoon system impacts rice quality using rice flour physicochemical traits, fatty and amino acids contents.

A field experiment was conducted to explore the impact on rice quality using high-quality (HH) or drought-resistant (HY) cultivars under flooding irrigation (F) or dry cultivation (D) in ratooning rice system by evaluating the metabolism or physicochemical traits of starch, fatty acids, and amino acids affecting grain quality. Compared to FHY and DHY in the main or ratoon season, DHH in ratoon season (DHHR) exhibited a higher appearance and processing quality but lower cooking quality. DHHR mainly synthesized long branch chain amylopectin to construct the crystalline regions with increased crystallinity, crystallites size, interplanar spacing, dislocation density, Asp and Thr in brown and head rice.

Comprehensive Evaluation of 17 Qualities of 84 Types of Rice Based on Principal Component Analysis.

Rice quality is a complex indicator, and people are paying more and more attention to the quality of rice. Therefore, we used seven rice varieties for twelve nitrogen fertilizer treatments and obtained eighty-four rice types with seventeen qualities. It was found that 17 quality traits had different coefficients of variation.

Dry cultivation and cultivar affect starch synthesis and traits to define rice grain quality in various panicle parts.

A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of high-quality (Huanghuazhan, HH), drought-resistant (IR, IRAT109) and drought-susceptible cultivars (ZS, Zhenshan97) under flooding irrigation and dry cultivation (D) on the starch accumulation and synthesis, physicochemical traits of starch granules and rice grain quality at the upper (U) and lower panicle. Under D treatment, IR and ZS had lower rice quality, especially the appearance and cooking quality. DHH-U had the highest appearance, nutritional and cooking quality among all cultivars under D treatment, which could be ascribed to the synthesis of more short-branch chain amylopectin and correspondingly higher starch granule tightness.

Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound Computer-Aided Diagnosis Software Compared with That of Radiologists with Different Levels of Expertise for Thyroid Malignancy: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound thyroid computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software. This multicenter prospective study included 494 patients (565 thyroid nodules) who underwent surgery or biopsy after ultrasonography at four hospitals from January 2019 to September 2019. The diagnostic performance metrics of different readers were calculated and compared with the pathologic results.

Improvement and stabilization of rice production by delaying sowing date in irrigated rice system in central China.

Background: Climate change has posed great challenges to rice production. Temperature and solar radiation show significant variations in central China. This study aims to analyze the responses of different rice genotypes to the variations of temperature and solar radiation in central China, and to find the way of identifying the optimal sowing date to improve and stabilize rice production.

In Situ Lithiophilic Layer from H/Li Exchange on Garnet Surface for the Stable Lithium-Solid Electrolyte Interface.

Garnet-type solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) show a promising application in solid-state Li batteries. Poor interfacial contact with lithium causing large interfacial impedance and dendrite penetration is a problem. Inspired by unique H/Li exchange of garnet electrolyte, we used an AgNO aqueous solution induced strategy to construct a lithiophilic layer in situ on the garnet surface without any specific apparatus.

Effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilizers on CH4 and CO2 emissions and soil organic carbon in paddy fields of central China.

Quantifying carbon (C) sequestration in paddy soils is necessary to help better understand the effect of agricultural practices on the C cycle. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of tillage practices [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] and the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0 and 210 kg N ha(-1)) on fluxes of CH(4) and CO(2), and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration during the 2009 and 2010 rice growing seasons in central China. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased CH(4) emissions by 13%-66% and SOC by 21%-94% irrespective of soil sampling depths, but had no effect on CO(2) emissions in either year.

[Dynamics of active organic carbon in a paddy soil under different rice farming modes].

A field experiment was conducted to study the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a paddy soil under integrated rice-duck farming (RD), intermittent irrigation (RW), and conventional flooded irrigation (CK), the three rice farming modes typical in southern China. Under these three farming modes, the soil DOC and MBC contents reached the highest during the period from rice booting to heading, while the soil ROC content had less change during the whole rice growth period. Two-factor variance analysis showed that soil MBC was greatly affected by rice growth stage, soil DOC was greatly affected by rice growth stage and farming mode, and soil ROC was mainly affected by farming mode.

[Individual and interactive effects of aluminum, selenium, silicon and phosphorus on rice seedlings growth].

By using quadratic orthogonal rotation combinatorial design, and taking aluminum (Al), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), and phosphorus (P) as test factors, the regression models of test factors and the survival rate (SR), shoot mass per hundred plants (SMHP), root mass per one hundred plant seedlings (RMHP), and proline contents (PC) of rice seedlings were established, with the individual and interactive effects of the factors analyzed. The individual effects of test factors on the SR, SMHP, RMHP, and PC of rice seedlings decreased in the order of Al > P > Se > Si. Al showed negative effect, while Se, Si, and P showed positive effect.

[Effects of different irrigation modes on biological characteristics and water use efficiency of paddy rice].

With hybrid rice cultivar Liangyou Peijiu as test material, this paper studied its biological characteristics and water use efficiency under effects of four irrigation modes. Compared with continuous flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation increased the leaf area index, photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, and decreased the leaf transpiration rate. Semi-dry cultivation increased the leaf water use efficiency, while dry cultivation decreased the leaf area index, photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency, and induced the leaf senescence in later growth period.