Neuregulin 4 attenuates pancreatic β-cell apoptosis induced by lipotoxicity via activating mTOR-mediated autophagy.

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor that ameliorates lipid metabolism disorders. Autophagy is critical for pancreatic β-cell to counteract lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis. This study aimed at exploring whether Nrg4 attenuates lipotoxicity-induced β-cell apoptosis by regulating autophagy.

Molecular mechanism of resveratrol promoting differentiation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol (Res) inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, laying the groundwork for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). The TCMSP database was used to find the gene targets for Res. The GeneCards database acquire the gene targets for OP.

GDF11 protects against glucotoxicity-induced mice retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy disease.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been implicated in the regulation of embryonic development and age-related dysfunction, including the regulation of retinal progenitor cells. However, little is known about the functions of GDF11 in diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we demonstrated that GDF11 treatment improved diabetes-induced retinal cell death, capillary degeneration, pericyte loss, inflammation, and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in mice.

An Exceptional Avulsion Fracture Above the Medial Malleolus: A Retrospective Case Series.

The Lauge-Hansen classification does not cover all types of ankle injuries. The present report details three cases of exceptional fragment of the medial tibia that differed from the traditional Lauge-Hansen supination-external rotation and pronation-external rotation fracture patterns. The information obtained from this study will be helpful for conducting basic research of this condition and determining appropriate surgical approaches.

Neuregulin 4 alleviates hepatic steatosis via activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in aged mice fed a high fat diet.

Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor that exerts beneficial metabolic effects on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for preventing hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy.

MYDGF attenuates podocyte injury and proteinuria by activating Akt/BAD signal pathway in mice with diabetic kidney disease.

Aims/hypothesis: Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF), mainly secreted by bone marrow-derived cells, has been known to promote glucagon-like peptide-1 production and improve glucose/lipid metabolism in mouse models of diabetes, but little is known about the functions of MYDGF in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we investigated whether MYDGF can prevent the progression of DKD.

Methods: In vivo experiments, both loss- and gain-of-function strategies were used to evaluate the effect of MYDGF on albuminuria and pathological glomerular lesions.

Alogliptin improves endothelial function by promoting autophagy in perivascular adipose tissue of obese mice through a GLP-1-dependent mechanism.

Objective: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular function in a paracrine manner and the vasodilatory effect of PVAT on vessels is completely abolished in obesity. In addition, autophagy is required for maintaining biological function of PVAT and has been shown to be inhibited in obesity. The aim of this study was to explore whether alogliptin improves endothelial function by promoting autophagy in PVAT in obese mice.

Costs for hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus in China.

Aim: To evaluate direct hospitalization costs attributable to diabetes and their determinants in a tertiary care hospital in mainland China between 2007 and 2008.

Methods: A retrospective study of the hospitalization expenses for 489 inpatients with diabetes from June 2007 to July 2008 was conducted. All related cost components were defined and valued at the most detailed levels.