Gamma rays irradiated polysaccharides: A review of the structure, physicochemical properties, biological activities alteration, and future food applications.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in using radiation to change various properties of polysaccharides. This review gives a more detailed examination of the effects of gamma radiation on polysaccharides and its association with their techno-functional and biological properties following irradiation. Gamma irradiation is a potent tool for modifying the structure and properties of polysaccharides, enhancing their functionality in food applications.

Correlation between severity of knee joint osteoarthritis and alignment of patellofemoral and patellar height on radiographs.

Background: The correlation between the morphological structure of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) and the severity of knee joint osteoarthritis (KOA) remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the severity of knee joint osteoarthritis and the alignment of patellofemoral and patellar height on radiographs.

Methods: This multi-center, retrospective study analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and anteroposterior radiographs of 534 adult outpatients with KOA.

The Role of Deformation and Microstructure Evolution on Texture Formation of a TA15 Alloy Subjected to Plane Strain Compression.

In this study, the texture formation mechanism of a TA15 titanium alloy under different plane strain compression conditions was investigated by analyzing the slipping, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and phase transformation behaviors. The results indicated that the basal texture component basically appears under all conditions, since the dominant basal slip makes the C-axis of the α grain rotate to the normal direction (ND, i.e.

First Evidence of Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers As Abundant, Ubiquitous, Emerging Pollutants in Dust and Air Particles: A New Concern for Human Health.

Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALSs) represent a crucial class of polymer additives that are extensively used in plastics and other polymeric materials. However, their environmental presence and related exposure risks have until now remained unexplored. This study addressed this critical knowledge by examining dust and air particles collected in South China, utilizing a comprehensive analytical approach to identify and quantify nine monomeric HALSs.

Isolation, structure characterization and in vitro immune-enhancing activity of a glucan from the peels of stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa).

Background: Stem lettuce is a medicinal and edible plant. The peels, accounting for 300-400 g kg raw stem lettuce and containing polysaccharides 200 g kg , are discarded as industrial waste, causing environment pollution and resource waste.

Results: A polysaccharide named PPSL10-2 was obtained from the peels of stem lettuce after hot water extraction, and gradation with cascade ultrafiltration and purification using DEAE-Sepharose cellulose.

A review of liquid crystal monomers: Environmental occurrence, degradation, toxicity, and human exposure of an emerging class of E-waste pollutants.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are a class of organic compounds with diphenyl or dicyclohexane as the skeleton structure, which are widely used in the manufacturing of liquid crystal displays. They are recognized as novel organic compounds with persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential for long-range transport. LCMs are inevitably released into the environment throughout the life cycle of electronic products, and their presence has been found in various abiotic matrixes (air, dust, sediment, leachate, soil) and biotic matrixes (aquatic organisms, human serum, and human skin wipe).

Nationwide occurrence and distribution of liquid crystal monomers in municipal sewage sludge of China.

Environmental pollution and the fate of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in different matrices have received increasing attention owing to their potential persistence and toxicity. Sewage sludge, a representative environmental matrix, may be an important sink for LCMs. However, the contamination status of LCMs in sewage sludge remains unknown, especially on a large scale.

Glioma-Associated Oncogene Family Zinc Finger 2 (GLI2) Activates Wnt Signaling through Transcriptional Inhibition of Neuronal Precursor Cell-Expressed Developmentally Downregulated 4 (NEDD4L) to Promote Androgen-Induced Granulosa Cell Damage.

Objective: Being a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) severely threatens women's physical and mental health. Glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 (GLI2) expression is up-regulated in granulosa cells of PCOS patients, but its specific role in PCOS remains unclear.

Methods: Following the treatment of human ovarian granulosa cells (KGN) with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), RT-qPCR and western blot were utilized to check GLI2 expression.

Widespread Occurrence and Transport of -Phenylenediamines and Their Quinones in Sediments across Urban Rivers, Estuaries, Coasts, and Deep-Sea Regions.

-Phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely used as antioxidants in tire rubber, and their derived quinone transformation products (PPD-Qs) may pose a threat to marine ecosystems. A compelling example is -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine (6PPD)-derived quinone, called 6PPD-Q, as the causal toxicant for stormwater-linked acute mortality toward coho salmon. However, the knowledge of the co-occurrences of PPDs and PPD-Qs and their transport from freshwater to oceanic waterbodies on a large geographical scale remains unknown.

Molecular structure on the detoxification of fluorinated liquid crystal monomers with reactive oxidation species in the photocatalytic process.

Fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are begun to emerge as new persistent organic pollutants. Herein, the structure-reactivity relationships of fluorinated LCMs 1,2,3-trifluoro-5-[3-(3-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]benzene (TPrCB), 1,2-difluoro-4-[-4-(-4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]benzene (DPrCB), 4-[(trans,trans)-4'-(3-Buten-1-yl)[1,1'-bicyclohexyl]-4-yl]-1,2-difluoro-benzene (BBDB) and 1-[4-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]-4(trifluoromethoxy)benzene (ECTB) subject to photocatalysis-generated oxidation species were investigated. The degradation rate constant of BBDB was 3.

Identification of Fluorescent Brighteners as Another Emerging Class of Abundant, Ubiquitous Pollutants in the Indoor Environment.

Fluorescent brighteners (FBs) are extensively used as important chemical additives in multiple industrial fields worldwide. The history of the use of global FBs spans over 60 years, but knowledge on their environmental occurrence and risks remains largely unknown. Here, we screened indoor dust and hand wipes from South China for a broad suite of 17 emerging FBs using a new comprehensive analytical method.

Clinical Research into Treating Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion during Early Pregnancy with the Qing Yi Tiao Mian Formula.

Objective: The present study aims to analyze the clinical effect of the Qing Yi Tiao Mian (QYTM) formula on unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) during early pregnancy and the immune balance of T lymphocytes.

Methods: With their consent, 45 patients with URSA in weeks 4-9 of pregnancy were separated into three groups, i.e.

Release and Gas-Particle Partitioning Behavior of Liquid Crystal Monomers during the Dismantling of Waste Liquid Crystal Display Panels in E-Waste Recycling Facilities.

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are a class of emerging chemical pollutants; however, their release and gas-particle partitioning remain unknown. This study performed the first comprehensive analysis of a wide range of 93 LCMs in the ambient air of liquid crystal display (LCD) dismantling facilities. A total of 53 of the 93 target LCMs were detected in the air samples.

Trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants in foods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with complementary use of electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization.

This study presented a universal LC-MS/MS method for trace analysis of multiple synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) in foods by complementary use of electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The analytes included not only the well-known BHT and BHA but also 18 high molecular weight SPAs. The method utilized APCI to achieve sensitive analysis of BHT, Irganox 1010, Irganox 330, and Irganox 3125 based on the finding that APCI significantly improved the sensitivity of these weakly acidic or slightly polar SPAs, and utilized ESI to obtain sensitive analysis of other SPAs.

Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers-Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues-in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment.

Our previous study demonstrated massive emissions of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) from liquid crystal display (LCD)-associated e-waste dismantling; however, the compositions, priority list, and inventory of LCMs in waste LCD panels remain unknown. Herein, we conducted the first comprehensive identification covering a broader range of LCMs, including 21 biphenyls and analogues (BAs), 28 cyanobiphenyls and analogues (CBAs), and 44 fluorinated biphenyls and analogues (FBAs), in waste television/computer LCD panels. A total of 64 of the 93 target LCMs, including 19 BAs, 6 CBAs, and 39 FBAs, were widely detected in collected waste LCD panels.

Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with the Neonatal Birth Size and Hormones in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis.

Toxicological data suggest a significant developmental toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs); however, evidence in humans remains inconclusive. Furthermore, the effects of prenatal exposure to PFASs on hormones in the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis of newborns remain largely unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of prenatal exposure to PFASs with the neonatal birth size, GH, IGF-1, and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3).

Hair and nails as noninvasive bioindicators of human exposure to chlorinated paraffins: Contamination patterns and potential influencing factors.

Most of the studies on short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) in human tissues have focused on human milk and blood. However, little is known about the occurrence of CPs in human hair and nails. In this study, SCCPs and MCCPs were analyzed in 62 pairs of human hair and nails from North China.

Identification of Environmental Liquid-Crystal Monomers: A Class of New Persistent Organic Pollutants-Fluorinated Biphenyls and Analogues-Emitted from E-Waste Dismantling.

Liquid-crystal monomers (LCMs), especially fluorinated biphenyls and analogues (FBAs), are considered to be a new generation of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic organic pollutants, but their emissions from liquid-crystal display (LCD)-associated e-waste dismantling remain unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, a broad range of 46 LCMs, including 39 FBAs and 7 biphenyls/bicyclohexyls and analogues (BAs), were investigated by a dedicated target analysis in e-waste dust samples. Of 39 target FBAs, 34 were detected in LCD dismantling-associated dust.

A Type VI Secretion System Facilitates Fitness, Homeostasis, and Competitive Advantages for Environmental Adaptability and Efficient Nicotine Biodegradation.

Gram-negative bacteria employ secretion systems to translocate proteinaceous effectors from the cytoplasm to the extracellular milieu, thus interacting with the surrounding environment or microniche. It is known that bacteria can benefit from the type VI secretion system (T6SS) by transporting ions to combat reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we report that T6SS activities conferred tolerance to nicotine-induced oxidative stress in sp.

Additional Role of Nicotinic Acid Hydroxylase for the Transformation of 3-Succinoyl-Pyridine by sp. Strain JY-Q.

Nicotine and nicotinic acid (NA) are both considered to be representatives of -heterocyclic aromatic compounds, and their degradation pathways have been revealed in species. However, the cooccurrence of these two pathways has only been observed in sp. strain JY-Q.

Expression and functional identification of two homologous nicotine dehydrogenases, NicA2 and Nox, from Pseudomonas sp. JY-Q.

Nicotine contamination in tobacco waste effluent (TWE) from tobacco industry is a serious threat to public health and environment. Microbial degradation is an impending approach to remove nicotine and transform it into some other high value chemicals. Pseudomonas sp.

Beyond Traditional Organophosphate Triesters: Prevalence of Emerging Organophosphate Triesters and Organophosphate Diesters in Indoor Dust from a Mega E-waste Recycling Industrial Park in South China.

Numerous studies have reported the environmental contamination with traditional organophosphate triesters (tri-OPEs), but there is very little information on emerging tri-OPEs and organophosphate diesters (di-OPEs), especially in e-waste recycling areas. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey to monitor a broad suite of 11 traditional tri-OPEs, 12 emerging OPEs, and 10 di-OPEs in indoor dust collected from the workshops of ( = 42) and residential homes adjacent to ( = 24) a mega e-waste recycling industrial park in South China. In addition to traditional tri-OPEs, all of the emerging OPEs and di-OPEs were frequently detected in the dust samples.

Occurrence of multiple classes of emerging photoinitiators in indoor dust from E-waste recycling facilities and adjacent communities in South China and implications for human exposure.

Photoinitiators (PIs) are indispensable additives in photopolymerization. PI-containing consumables, such as adhesives, coatings, UV-cured inks and light-sensitive materials, are widely used in various electronic products. Nevertheless, there is no information concerning the identification of PIs as emerging contaminants from e-waste recycling.