Ultrahigh-order mode-assisted hybrid optoelectronic bistability with an ultralow threshold.

A hybrid optoelectronic bistability is realized with the assistance of an ultrahigh-order mode (UHM) excited in a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide (SMCW). PMN-PT ceramics is selected as the guiding layer, which possesses the voltage modulated refractive index and thickness by means of an electro-optical effect and converse-piezoelectric effect. An amplified voltage signal translated from the intensity of reflected light is exerted on the guiding layer, whose parameter variations can alter the resonance condition of the UHM and finally lead to a dramatic change in the intensity of the reflected light.

Multiuser Time-Energy Entanglement Swapping Based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed and Sum-Frequency Generation.

Perfect entanglement swapping, which can be realized without the postselection by using the nonlinear optical technology, provides an important way toward generating the large-scale quantum network. We explore an entanglement-swapping-based dense wavelength division multiplexed network in the experiment. Four users receive single quantum states at different wavelengths, and we perform a time-energy entanglement swapping operation based on the sum-frequency generation to make users fully connected in the network.

Nonlinear Raman-Nath second harmonic generation of hybrid structured fundamental wave.

We numerically and experimentally investigated the nonlinear Raman-Nath second harmonic generation of hybrid structured fundamental wave whose phase modulation combined periodic and random structure. The second harmonic generation of both one- and two-dimensional hybrid structured fundamental wave were investigated in this paper. The results show that more diffraction spots can be obtained in these hybrid structures than the pure periodic modulation cases.

Spectral compression of single-photon-level laser pulse.

We experimentally demonstrate that the bandwidth of single photons laser pulse is compressed by a factor of 58 in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide chip. A positively chirped single photons laser pulse and a negatively chirped classical laser pulse are employed to produce a narrowband single photon pulse with new frequency through sum-frequency generation. In our experiment, the frequency and bandwidth of single photons at 1550 nm are simultaneously converted.

Concentric Circular Grating Generated by the Patterning Trapping of Nanoparticles in an Optofluidic Chip.

Due to the field enhancement effect of the hollow-core metal-cladded optical waveguide chip, massive nanoparticles in a solvent are effectively trapped via exciting ultrahigh order modes. A concentric ring structure of the trapped nanoparticles is obtained since the excited modes are omnidirectional at small incident angle. During the process of solvent evaporation, the nanoparticles remain well trapped since the excitation condition of the optical modes is still valid, and a concentric circular grating consisting of deposited nanoparticles can be produced by this approach.

Optical relative humidity sensor with high sensitivity based on a polyimide-coated symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide.

An optical structure for relative humidity (RH) sensing based on a polyimide-coated symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide is proposed. The diffusion of water molecules into the polyimide film leads to a combined change of thickness and refractive index. Due to the high sensitivity of ultrahigh-order modes, the interaction between water molecules and polyimide will give rise to a dramatic variation in the reflected light intensity.

Detection of chemical vapor with high sensitivity by using the symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide-enhanced Goos-Hänchen shift.

We present a novel and simple optical structure, i.e., the symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide, in which a polymer layer is added into the guiding layer, for sensitive detection of chemical vapor by using the enhanced Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift (nearly a millimeter scale).

Ultrahigh-order mode-assisted determination of enantiomeric excess in chiral liquids.

A chiral liquid, whose constituent molecules lack mirror symmetry, exhibits a minor differential refractive index (RI) between the two circular polarization components. Theoretical analysis shows that the ultrahigh-order modes excited in a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide (SMCW) are polarization-independent and have a highly sensitive response to the RI variation. We report the observation of circular differential reflectivity in a chiral liquid-filled SMCW and propose an alternative simple technique capable of determining enantiomeric excess with high sensitivity.

Optical-assembly periodic structure of ferrofluids in a liquid core/metal cladding optical waveguide.

We present a novel and simple mechanism for the fabrication of periodic microstructure based on a ferrofluids core/metal cladding optical waveguide chip. The ultrahigh-order modes excited in the millimeter scale guiding layer lead to the ordered particle aggregates in ferrofluids without applying a magnetic field. Since the absorption of photons by the extremely dilute ferrofluids is extremely small and the Soret effect is not noticeable, a tentative explanation in terms of the optical trapping effect is proposed.

Picometer displacement sensing using the ultrahigh-order modes in a submillimeter scale optical waveguide.

An improved scheme for displacement measurement using the ultrahigh-order guided modes in a symmetrical metal-cladding optical waveguide is proposed. Based on this idea together with the lock-in amplification technique, a sensor with a stable displacement resolution of 3.3 pm is experimentally demonstrated without any complicated servo system.