A feasibility study of automating radiotherapy planning with large language model agents.

: Radiotherapy planning requires significant expertise to balance tumor control and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. Automated planning can improve both efficiency and quality. This study introduces GPT-Plan, a novel multi-agent system powered by the GPT-4 family of large language models (LLMs), for automating the iterative radiotherapy plan optimization.

Recombinant protein HR212 targeting heptad repeat 2 domain in spike protein S2 subunit elicits broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

SARS-CoV-2 variants are under continuous emergence carry numerous mutations within S1 subunit in spike protein and have escaped neutralization through many currently used vaccines and antibodies. The development of next-generation vaccines is a continuing and long-term need. In our prior research, the recombinant protein vaccine HR121 targeting the heptad repeat (HR) 1 domain of S2 subunit was constructed, which could evoke highly broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies in vivo and confer efficient protective effect on several SARS-CoV-2 variants within multiple animal models.

Dual-Source Computed Tomography Angiography versus Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Diagnosis of Spinal Vascular Malformations: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: To investigate the performance of time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST-MRA) and dual-source CT angiography (CTA), applied independently and in combination, for preoperative assessment of spinal vascular malformation (SVM).

Methods: This retrospective study included 77 patients with suspected SVM who underwent TWIST-MRA, CTA, and digital subtraction angiography between September 2019 and December 2022. Precision recall curve analysis was used to assess diagnostic performance.

Pressure to evade cell-autonomous innate sensing reveals interplay between mitophagy, IFN signaling, and SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

SARS-CoV-2 emerged, and continues to evolve, to efficiently infect humans worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 evades early innate recognition, interferon signaling occurring only in bystander cells. How the virus continues to evolve in the face of innate responses has important consequences, but the pathways involved are incompletely understood.

A diagnostic signatures for intervertebral disc degeneration using TNFAIP6 and COL6A2 based on single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses.

Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent degenerative condition associated with a high incidence rate of low back pain and disability. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways associated with IVDD.

Methods: Biomarkers were discerned through bulk-RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) investigations of IVDD cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Accuracy and Value of Time-resolved MRA for Spinal Vascular Malformations.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Objective: To explore the value of time-resolved CE-MRA in evaluating and locating the SVM prior to digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Summary Of Background Data: Spinal vascular malformations (SVM) can be detected with time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRA(CE-MRA).

Digital identification and adulteration analysis of Codonopsis Radix and Stellariae Radix based on the "digital identity" of chemical compositions.

Introduction: Under the background of digitalization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this study aimed to realize the digital identification and adulteration analysis of Codonopsis Radix (CR) and Stellariae Radix (SR) based on chemical analysis.

Methods: This study combined digitalization concepts and chemical analysis and conducted a chemical analysis of CR and SR from different batches based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Furthermore, the shared ions were extracted from different batches of CR and SR as their "ion characterization" after digital quantization.

Fabrication and X-ray microtomography of sandwich-structured PEEK implants for skull defect repair.

Bone defects pose a significant risk to human health. Medical polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an excellent implant material for bone defect repair, but it faces the challenge of bone osteoconduction and osseointegration. Osteoconduction describes the process by which bone grows on the surface of the implant, while osseointegration is the stable anchoring of the implant achieved by direct contact between the bone and the implant.

Hypothalamic regulation of hippocampal CA1 interneurons by the supramammillary nucleus.

The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) projects heavily to the hippocampus to regulate hippocampal activity and plasticity. Although the projections from the SuM to the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA2 have been extensively studied, whether the SuM projects to CA1, the main hippocampal output region, is unclear. Here, we report a glutamatergic pathway from the SuM that selectively excites CA1 interneurons in the border between the stratum radiatum (SR) and the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM).

π-Conjugation-Induced In Situ Nanoscale Ordering of Spiro-OMeTAD Boosts the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells.

Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport materials typically exhibit an amorphous state in perovskite solar cells. However, the lack of structural ordering leads to weak intermolecular interaction, inferior carrier transfer, and poor stability in devices. Herein, we developed a π-conjugation-induced short-range ordering strategy to modulate the stacking order of spiro-OMeTAD during film formation.

Differential Chemical Components Analysis of , , and Based on Mass Spectrometry Data and Chemometrics.

(PC), (AC), and (LC), as traditional Chinese medicines, are all dried root bark, presented in a roll, light and brittle, easy to break, have a fragrant scent, etc. Due to their similar appearances, it is tough to distinguish them, and they are often confused and adulterated in markets and clinical applications. To realize the identification and quality control of three herbs, in this paper, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Expression (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) combined with chemometric analysis was used to explore the different chemical compositions.

Ferroelectric Aluminum Scandium Nitride Transistors with Intrinsic Switching Characteristics and Artificial Synaptic Functions for Neuromorphic Computing.

Aluminum Scandium Nitride (AlScN) has received attention for its exceptional ferroelectric properties, whereas the fundamental mechanism determining its dynamic response and reliability remains elusive. In this work, an unreported nucleation-based polarization switching mechanism in AlScN (AlScN) is unveiled, driven by its intrinsic ferroelectricity rooted in the ionic displacement. Fast polarization switching, characterized by a remarkably low characteristic time of 0.

Primate-specific BTN3A2 protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by interacting with and reducing ACE2.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an immune-related disorder caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The complete pathogenesis of the virus remains to be determined. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 interactions with host cells is crucial for the formulation of effective prophylactic measures and the advancement of COVID-19 therapeutics.

Identification Analysis of and Based on Quantized "Digital Identity" and UHPLC-QTOF-MS Analysis.

(ASR) and (APR), as traditional herbal medicines, are often confused and doped in the material market. However, the traditional identification method is to characterize the whole herb with a single or a few components, which do not have representation and cannot realize the effective utilization of unknown components. Consequently, the result is not convincing.

Development of potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors with a new design strategy.

Development of potent and broad-spectrum drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains one of the top priorities, especially in the cases of the emergence of mutant viruses and inability of current vaccines to prevent viral transmission. In this study, we have generated a novel membrane fusion-inhibitory lipopeptide IPB29, which is currently under clinical trials; herein, we report its design strategy and preclinical data. First, we surprisingly found that IPB29 with a rigid linker between the peptide sequence and lipid molecule had greatly improved α-helical structure and antiviral activity.

Hypertension increases sympathetic neuron activity by enhancing intraganglionic cholinergic collateral connections.

Autonomic dysregulation, including sympathetic hyperactivity, is a common feature of hypertension (HT) and other cardiovascular diseases. The CNS plays a role in driving chronic sympathetic activation in disease, but several lines of evidence suggest that neuroplasticity in the periphery may also contribute. The potential contribution of postganglionic sympathetic neurons to sustained sympathetic hyperactivity is not well understood.

Catheter ablation for patients with anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial fibrillation: a case report and literature review.

Background: Anomalous pulmonary venous return involves the partial or complete absence of a connection between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. The pulmonary vein potential plays a vital role in atrial fibrillation, and catheter ablation to isolate the pulmonary vein is crucial for treating this condition. However, when anomalous pulmonary venous return is present, it makes ablation more challenging and increases the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after the procedure.

Dorsoventral Heterogeneity of Synaptic Connectivity in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons.

The hippocampal CA3 region plays an important role in learning and memory. CA3 pyramidal neurons (PNs) receive two prominent excitatory inputs-mossy fibers (MFs) from dentate gyrus (DG) and recurrent collaterals (RCs) from CA3 PNs-that play opposing roles in pattern separation and pattern completion, respectively. Although the dorsoventral heterogeneity of the hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and behavior has been well established, nothing is known about the dorsoventral heterogeneity of synaptic connectivity in CA3 PNs.

A Comprehensive Analysis of Fel Ursi and Its Common Adulterants Based on UHPLC-QTOF-MS and Chemometrics.

Background: As one of the four most valuable animal medicines, Fel Ursi, named Xiong Dan (XD) in China, has the effect of clearing heat, calming the liver, and brightening the eyes. However, due to the special source of XD and its high price, other animals' bile is often sold as XD or mixed with XD on the market, seriously affecting its clinical efficacy and consumers' rights and interests. In order to realize identification and adulteration analysis of XD, UHPLC-QTOF-MS and multivariate statistical analysis were used to explore the differences in XD and six other animals' bile.

Construction of a fluorescence switch sensor of Mn doped AgInS quantum dots for the detection of Fe (III) and ascorbic acid.

The convenience and high efficiency of recently developed I-III-VI group AgInS (AIS) fluorescence sensors have garnered considerable attention. In this study, glutathione (GSH) was employed as a stabilizer to synthesize Mn doped AgInS quantum dots (Mn-AIS QDs) via a one-step hydrothermal method at a lower temperature. The resultant samples displayed favorable photoluminescent characteristics and excellent water dispersibility.

The nuclear localization signal of monkeypox virus protein P2 orthologue is critical for inhibition of IRF3-mediated innate immunity.

The (OPXV) genus of the includes human pathogens variola virus (VARV), monkeypox virus (MPXV), vaccinia virus (VACV), and a number of zoonotic viruses. A number of Bcl-2-like proteins of VACV are involved in escaping the host innate immunity. However, little work has been devoted to the evolution and function of their orthologues in other OPXVs.