Effective connectivity predicts cognitive empathy in cocaine addiction: a spectral dynamic causal modeling study.

Social cognition plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of cocaine dependence. However, studies investigating social cognition, such as empathy and its underlying neural basis, are lacking. To explore the neural interactions among reward and memory circuits, we applied effective connectivity analysis on resting-state fMRI data collected from cocaine-dependent subjects.

Grey Matter Volumes in the Executive Attention System Predict Individual Differences in Effortful Control in Young Adults.

Effortful control (EC), considered as one component of temperament, describes an individual's capacity for self-regulation. Previous neuroimaging studies have provided convergent evidence that individual differences in EC are determined by the functioning of neural systems subserving executive attention, primarily comprising the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). Notwithstanding, as previous neuroimaging findings highlighted the structural neural bases of EC in adolescence, during which the PFC is prominently remodeled, the underlying neuroanatomical substrates of EC remain uncertain in young adults.

Accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not influence grey matter volumes in regions related to alcohol relapse: An open-label exploratory study.

The application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to prevent relapse in alcohol addiction is currently being evaluated. However, how rTMS may influence the related brain processes is far from clear. Here we wanted to investigate whether baseline grey matter volume (GMV) can predict relapse and whether 15 accelerated high-frequency (HF)- rTMS sessions may influence GMV in areas related to relapse.

A distinction between two instruments measuring dispositional mindfulness and the correlations between those measurements and the neuroanatomical structure.

The most widely used measurements of mindfulness are the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). However, controversies exist regarding the application of these scales. Additionally, the neural mechanisms of dispositional mindfulness havebecome a topic of interest.

[The effect of recombinant interleukin-10/Fc fusion protein on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice].

Objective: To clarify the regulatory role and mechanism of recombinant interleukin-10/Fc (rIL-10/Fc) fusion protein on inflammatory parameters during development of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a murine model.

Methods: An ALI model was reproduced by intra-tracheal injection of LPS. rIL-10/Fc was administered intraperitoneally.

[Effect of different fat emulsions on acute lung injury induced by endotoxin].

Objective: To assess the effect of Clinoleic 20% (olive oil-based, n-9) and Lipoven 20% (soy bean-based, n-6) lipid emulsions on inflammatory parameters in a murine acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli O111:B4.

Methods: Male Balb/C mice were infused for three days with 0.