Performance Assessment of GPT 4.0 on the Japanese Medical Licensing Examination.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and parsing ability of GPT 4.0 for Japanese medical practitioner qualification examinations in a multidimensional way to investigate its response accuracy and comprehensiveness to medical knowledge.

Methods: We evaluated the performance of the GPT 4.

Does a Video-Based and 3D Animation Hybrid Learning System Improve Teaching Outcomes in Orthopedic Surgery? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the instructional efficacy of a 3D Surgical Training System (3DSTS), which combines real surgical footage with high-definition 3D animations, against conventional surgical videos and textbooks in the context of orthopedic proximal humerus fracture surgeries.

Design: Before the experiment, 89 participants completed a pre-educational knowledge assessment. They were then randomized into 3 groups: the 3DSTS group (n = 30), the surgical video (SV) group (n = 29), and the textbook group (n = 30).

Deep learning system assisted detection and localization of lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Explore a new deep learning (DL) object detection algorithm for clinical auxiliary diagnosis of lumbar spondylolisthesis and compare it with doctors' evaluation to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the DL algorithm in the diagnosis of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Lumbar lateral radiographs of 1,596 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis from three medical institutions were collected, and senior orthopedic surgeons and radiologists jointly diagnosed and marked them to establish a database. These radiographs were randomly divided into a training set ( = 1,117), a validation set ( = 240), and a test set ( = 239) in a ratio of 0.

Deep learning-based algorithm improves radiologists' performance in lung cancer bone metastases detection on computed tomography.

Purpose: To develop and assess a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model for the automatic detection of bone metastases from lung cancer on computed tomography (CT).

Methods: In this retrospective study, CT scans acquired from a single institution from June 2012 to May 2022 were included. In total, 126 patients were assigned to a training cohort (n = 76), a validation cohort (n = 12), and a testing cohort (n = 38).

Laminin α1 as a target for the treatment of epidural fibrosis by regulating fibrotic mechanisms.

Excessive proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in the lumbar laminectomy area can lead to epidural fibrosis, eventually resulting in failed back surgery syndrome. It has been reported that laminin α1, a significant biofunctional glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix, is involved in several fibrosis‑related diseases, such as pulmonary, liver and keloid fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism of laminin α1 in epidural fibrosis remains unknown.

Artificial intelligence to detect the femoral intertrochanteric fracture: The arrival of the intelligent-medicine era.

To explore a new artificial intelligence (AI)-aided method to assist the clinical diagnosis of femoral intertrochanteric fracture (FIF), and further compare the performance with human level to confirm the effect and feasibility of the AI algorithm. 700 X-rays of FIF were collected and labeled by two senior orthopedic physicians to set up the database, 643 for the training database and 57 for the test database. A Faster-RCNN algorithm was applied to be trained and detect the FIF on X-rays.

Artificial Intelligence to Diagnose Tibial Plateau Fractures: An Intelligent Assistant for Orthopedic Physicians.

Objective: To explore a new artificial intelligence (AI)-aided method to assist the clinical diagnosis of tibial plateau fractures (TPFs) and further measure its validity and feasibility.

Methods: A total of 542 X-rays of TPFs were collected as a reference database. An AI algorithm (RetinaNet) was trained to analyze and detect TPF on the X-rays.

Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration via the ERK signalling pathway.

It is obvious that epigenetic processes influence the evolution of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that IGFBP5, a potential regulator of IDD, modulates IDD via the ERK signalling pathway.