Isolation and Characterization of Contemporary Bovine Coronavirus Strains.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) poses a threat to cattle health worldwide, contributing to both respiratory and enteric diseases. However, few contemporary strains have been isolated. In this study, 71 samples (10 nasal and 61 fecal) were collected from one farm in Ohio in 2021 and three farms in Georgia in 2023.

Fine-mapping and validation of the major quantitative trait locus QFlANG-4B for flag leaf angle in wheat.

This study precisely mapped and validated a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 4B for flag leaf angle in wheat. Flag leaf angle (FLANG) is closely related to crop architecture and yield. We previously identified the quantitative trait locus (QTL) QFLANG-4B for FLANG on chromosome 4B, located within a 14-cM interval flanked by the markers Xbarc20 and Xzyh357, using a mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Nongda3331 (ND3331) and Zang1817.

A recombination-resistant genome for live attenuated and stable PEDV vaccines by engineering the transcriptional regulatory sequences.

Coronaviruses are important pathogens of humans and animals, and vaccine developments against them are imperative. Due to the ability to induce broad and prolonged protective immunity and the convenient administration routes, live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are promising arms for controlling the deadly coronavirus infections. However, potential recombination events between vaccine and field strains raise a safety concern for LAVs.

SARS-CoV-2 Serological Investigation of White-Tailed Deer in Northeastern Ohio.

Coronaviruses are known to cross species barriers, and spill over among animals, from animals to humans, and vice versa. SARS-CoV-2 emerged in humans in late 2019. It is now known to infect numerous animal species, including companion animals and captive wildlife species.

The Cold-Adapted, Temperature-Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 Strain TS11 Is Attenuated in Syrian Hamsters and a Candidate Attenuated Vaccine.

Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) replicate in the respiratory/oral mucosa, mimic natural infection, and can induce mucosal and systemic immune responses to the full repertoire of SARS-CoV-2 structural/nonstructural proteins. Generally, LAVs produce broader and more durable protection than current COVID-19 vaccines. We generated a temperature-sensitive (TS) SARS-CoV-2 mutant TS11 via cold-adaptation of the WA1 strain in Vero E6 cells.

Isolation and characterization of a SARS-CoV-2 variant with a Q677H mutation in the spike protein.

We isolated 20 SARS-CoV-2 strains from positive clinical samples collected in Columbus, Ohio, and investigated the replication of one pair of isolates: a clade 20G strain and a variant of this strain carrying a Q677H mutation in the spike protein and six other amino acid mutations. The OSU.20G variant replicated to a higher peak infectious titer than the 20G base strain in Vero-E6 cells, but the titers were similar when both strains were grown in Calu-3 cells.

Characterization of the Cross-Species Transmission Potential for Porcine Expressing Sparrow Coronavirus Spike Protein in Commercial Poultry.

Avian species often serve as transmission vectors and sources of recombination for viral infections due to their ability to travel vast distances and their gregarious behaviors. Recently a novel (DCoV) was identified in sparrows. Sparrow (SpDCoV), coupled with close contact between sparrows and swine carrying porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) may facilitate recombination of DCoVs resulting in novel CoV variants.

Mutations in Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp1 Cause Increased Viral Sensitivity to Host Interferon Responses and Attenuation .

Coronavirus (CoV) nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) inhibits cellular gene expression and antagonizes interferon (IFN) response. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects pigs and causes high mortality in neonatal piglets. We hypothesized that a recombinant PEDV carrying mutations at the conserved residues N93 and N95 of nsp1 induces higher IFN responses and is more sensitive to IFN responses, leading to virus attenuation.

SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV encode circular RNAs of spliceosome-independent origin.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly recognized component of the transcriptome with critical roles in autoimmune diseases and viral pathogenesis. To address the importance of circRNA in RNA viral transcriptome, we systematically identified and characterized circRNAs encoded by the RNA genomes of betacoronaviruses using both bioinformatical and experimental approaches. We predicted 351, 224, and 2764 circRNAs derived from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, respectively.

Bile acids LCA and CDCA inhibited porcine deltacoronavirus replication in vitro.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteric coronavirus that causes gastroenteritis in pigs and no vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Bile acids are active factors in intestines and influence the replication of enteric viruses. Currently, the role of bile acids on PDCoV replication is unknown.

Circular RNA profiling reveals abundant and diverse circRNAs of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV origin.

Unlabelled: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) encoded by DNA genomes have been identified across host and pathogen species as parts of the transcriptome. Accumulating evidences indicate that circRNAs play critical roles in autoimmune diseases and viral pathogenesis. Here we report that RNA viruses of the genus of , SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, encode a novel type of circRNAs.

[The Identification of the Origin of Chinese Wolfberry Based on Infrared Spectral Technology and the Artificial Neural Network].

The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is established to find the geographic origins of Chinese wolfberry quickly. In the paper, the 45 samples of Chinese wolfberry from different places of Qinghai Province are to be surveyed by FTIR. The original data matrix of FTIR is pretreated with common preprocessing and wavelet transform.