Case Report: Charcot-marie-tooth disease caused by a gene mutation - novel insights into pathogenicity and treatment.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy involving approximately 80 pathogenic genes. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and confirmatory Sanger sequencing analysis was applied to identify the disease-causing mutations in a Chinese patient with lower limb weakness. We present an 18-year-old male with a 2.

Network pharmacology and experimental validation methods to reveal the active compounds and hub targets of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can lead to joint destruction and deformity. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn (CO) was previously revealed to play a significant role in RA treatment. However, the main active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of CO in regulating RA are still unclear.

Pilot Testing of an mHealth App for Tobacco Cessation in People Living With HIV: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: An estimated 40% of people living with HIV smoke cigarettes. Although smoking rates in the United States have been declining in recent years, people living with HIV continue to smoke cigarettes at twice the rate of the general population. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is an effective tool for people living with a chronic illness, such as HIV, as currently 84% of households in the United States report that they have a smartphone.

Development and evaluation of visualizations of smoking data for integration into the Sense2Quit app for tobacco cessation.

Importance: Due to insufficient smoking cessation apps for persons living with HIV, our study focused on designing and testing the Sense2Quit app, a patient-facing mHealth tool which integrated visualizations of patient information, specifically smoking use.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to detail rigorous human-centered design methods to develop and refine visualizations of smoking data and the contents and user interface of the Sense2Quit app. The Sense2Quit app was created to support tobacco cessation and relapse prevention for people living with HIV.

Decipher the pharmacological mechanisms of raw and wine-processed Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. on bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis rats using metabolomics.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (CO), a traditional Chinese herb recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, can nourish kidney yang, strengthen bones, and dispell cold-dampness. Raw CO (rCO) and wine-processed CO (pCO), the main processed products of CO for clinical application, show differences in nourishing kidney yang and ameliorate osteoporosis.

Theoretically Guided Iterative Design of the Sense2Quit App for Tobacco Cessation in Persons Living with HIV.

The use of mobile health (mHealth technology) can be an effective intervention when considering chronic illnesses. Qualitative research methods were used to identify specific content and features for a mobile app for smoking cessation amongst people living with HIV (PWH). We conducted five focus group sessions followed by two Design Sessions with PWH who were or are currently chronic cigarette smokers.

An explainable COVID-19 detection system based on human sounds.

Acoustic signals generated by the human body have often been used as biomarkers to diagnose and monitor diseases. As the pathogenesis of COVID-19 indicates impairments in the respiratory system, digital acoustic biomarkers of COVID-19 are under investigation. In this paper, we explore an accurate and explainable COVID-19 diagnosis approach based on human speech, cough, and breath data using the power of machine learning.

A Smoking Cessation Mobile App for Persons Living With HIV: Preliminary Efficacy and Feasibility Study.

Background: The prevalence of smoking in the United States general population has gradually declined to the lowest rate ever recorded; however, this has not been true for persons with HIV.

Objective: We conducted a pilot test to assess the feasibility and efficacy of the Lumme Quit Smoking mobile app and smartwatch combination with sensing capabilities to improve smoking cessation in persons with HIV.

Methods: A total of 40 participants were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned 1:1 to the control arm, which received an 8-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy, a 30-minute smoking cessation counseling session, and weekly check-in calls with study staff, or to the intervention arm, which additionally received the Lumme Quit Smoking app and smartwatch.

A fitness training optimization system based on heart rate prediction under different activities.

Heart rate can be considered as an indicator of the exercise intensity in people's daily physical activities. Five heart rate zone theory is commonly adopted by individuals and professional athletes during their exercises and training. These heart rate zones are based upon percentages of people's maximal heart rate, which indicate different exercise intensities.

Randomized controlled trial testing a video-text tobacco cessation intervention among economically disadvantaged African American adults.

Objective: This pilot study tested the acceptability and short-term outcomes of a culturally specific mobile health (mHealth) intervention () in a sample of economically disadvantaged African American adults. We hypothesized that would demonstrate greater acceptability, biochemically verified abstinence, and promote nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use compared with a standard text-messaging program.

Method: In a 2-arm pilot randomized trial, adults who sought to quit smoking ( = 119) received either or the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) SmokefreeTXT, both combined with a brief behavioral counseling session plus 2 weeks of NRT.

Crm1-Dependent Nuclear Export of Bach1 is Involved in the Protective Effect of Hyperoside on Oxidative Damage in Hepatocytes and CCl-induced Acute Liver Injury.

Background: Nrf2-Bach1 antioxidant signaling pathway is considered as one of the most important mechanisms of cellular resistance to oxidative injury. The effect of hyperoside (Hyp) on the expression and distribution of Bach1, the relationship of Hyp's antioxidative effect and the influence of Bach1 remains unclear.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of Bach1 in the protective effect of Hyp on oxidative liver injury.

Ubiquitous Fall Hazard Identification With Smart Insole.

Falls are leading causes of nonfatal injuries in workplaces which lead to substantial injury and economic consequences. To help avoid fall injuries, safety managers usually need to inspect working areas routinely. However, it is difficult for a limited number of safety managers to inspect fall hazards instantly especially in large workplaces.

A context-adaptive smoking cessation system using videos.

Cigarette smoking is the primary preventable cause of death and disease worldwide. Studies reveal that smoking is associated with psychiatric symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics, social stressors, and lack of social support. In general, smokers report poorer mental health and benefit from support to be able to quit smoking (Jorm et al.

A Community and Technology-Based Approach for Hypertension Self-Management (COACHMAN) to Improve Blood Pressure Control in African Americans: Results from a Pilot Study.

Purpose: Adoption of technology has increased to support self-managing chronic diseases. However, behavioral interventions evaluating such technology have been understudied in African Americans with hypertension. The aim of this study was to explore a community and technology-based intervention for hypertension self-management (COACHMAN) intervention on blood pressure (BP) control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in African Americans with hypertension.

Efficient mapping of crash risk at intersections with connected vehicle data and deep learning models.

Traditional methods for identifying crash-prone roadways are mainly based on historical crash data. It usually requires more than three years to collect a sufficient amount of dataset for road safety assessment. However, the emerging connected vehicles (CVs) technology generates rich instantaneous information, which can be used to identify dangerous road sections proactively.

Using Mobile Electroencephalography and Actigraphy to Diagnose Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case-Control Comparison Study.

Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurobehavioral disorder, display behaviors of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity, which can affect their ability to learn and establish proper family and social relationships. Various tools are currently used by child and adolescent psychiatric clinics to diagnose, evaluate, and collect information and data. The tools allow professional physicians to assess if patients need further treatment, following a thorough and careful clinical diagnosis process.

mHealth Technologies Towards Parkinson's Disease Detection and Monitoring in Daily Life: A Comprehensive Review.

Parkinson's disease (PD) can gradually affect people's lives thus attracting tremendous attention. Early PD detection and treatment can help control the disease progress, relief from the symptoms and improve the patients' life quality. However, the current practice of PD diagnosis is conducted in a clinical setup and administrated by a PD specialist due to the early signs of PD are not noticeable in daily life.

Use of the Phase-Based Model of Smoking Treatment to Guide Intervention Development for Persons Living with HIV Who Self-Identify as African American Tobacco Smokers.

Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among persons living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH), with rates as high 50% as compared to 14% in the general U.S. population.

Body-Earth Mover's Distance: A Matching-Based Approach for Sleep Posture Recognition.

Sleep posture is a key component in sleep quality assessment and pressure ulcer prevention. Currently, body pressure analysis has been a popular method for sleep posture recognition. In this paper, a matching-based approach, Body-Earth Mover's Distance (BEMD), for sleep posture recognition is proposed.

A Self-Calibrating Radar Sensor System for Measuring Vital Signs.

Vital signs (i.e., heartbeat and respiration) are crucial physiological signals that are useful in numerous medical applications.

Bodypart localization for pressure ulcer prevention.

Pressure ulcers, commonly called bedsores, are defined as injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure usually on bony areas of the body, such as heels and hips. In order to alleviate pressure accumulation at high-risk regions, the current practice in clinics requires caregivers to reposition their patients every two hours. This relies on the engagement of nursing services and places large burdens on the caregivers.

BreathSens: A Continuous On-Bed Respiratory Monitoring System With Torso Localization Using an Unobtrusive Pressure Sensing Array.

The ability to continuously monitor respiration rates of patients in homecare or in clinics is an important goal. Past research showed that monitoring patient breathing can lower the associated mortality rates for long-term bedridden patients. Nowadays, in-bed sensors consisting of pressure sensitive arrays are unobtrusive and are suitable for deployment in a wide range of settings.

Machine learning-based assessment tool for imbalance and vestibular dysfunction with virtual reality rehabilitation system.

Background And Objective: Dizziness is a major consequence of imbalance and vestibular dysfunction. Compared to surgery and drug treatments, balance training is non-invasive and more desired. However, training exercises are usually tedious and the assessment tool is insufficient to diagnose patient's severity rapidly.

Using pressure map sequences for recognition of on bed rehabilitation exercises.

Physical rehabilitation is an important process for patients recovering after surgery. In this paper, we propose and develop a framework to monitor on-bed range of motion exercises that allows physical therapists to evaluate patient adherence to set exercise programs. Using a dense pressure sensitive bedsheet, a sequence of pressure maps are produced and analyzed using manifold learning techniques.