Blocking virus infection with BacMam virus delivery bovine interferon-α gene.

Interferon-αs (IFN-αs) are crucial cytokines for inducing protective antiviral responses. The baculovirus-mediated gene transduction of mammalian cells (BacMam) is an efficient delivery tool for recombinant protein expression in mammalian cells. This study focuses on the delivery of bovine IFN-α (BoIFNα) using the BacMam system.

Correction: Catalytic generation of -quinone dimethides donor/donor rhodium carbenes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3SC00734K.].

A novel oral vaccine delivery system for enhancing stability and immune protection: bacterium-like particle with functional coating.

Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) have gained significant attention in vaccine development due to their potential as effective immune enhancers and antigen delivery systems. BLPs are generated by boiling lactic acid bacteria in an acidic solution and are devoid of proteins and nucleic acids, offering advantages in terms of ease of preparation, high safety, and good stability. Furthermore, by employing protein anchor (PA), heterogeneous antigens can be efficiently displayed on the surface of BLPs, resulting in enhanced delivery effectiveness.

1,3-Difunctionalization of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes Enabled by Copper Nitrate: A Direct Approach to γ-Halonitrates.

1,3-Difunctionalization of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with copper nitrate and -halosuccinimide was developed to efficiently afford γ-halonitrates. The pivotal factor of this protocol lies in the dual role of copper nitrate as a Lewis acid and an ideal nitrooxy source. The given approach features easy handling, good functional group compatibility, and wide substrate scope.

Strategy against super-resistant bacteria: Curdlan-induced trained immunity combined with multi-epitope subunit vaccine.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is rapidly spreading worldwide, emerging as a leading cause of bacterial infections in healthcare and community settings. This poses serious risks to human health. The shortage of novel antibiotics and the absence of effective vaccines make MRSA particularly challenging to treat.

C-H functionalization enabled by multiple isocyanides.

Past decades have witnessed significant advance of isocyanides as a class of versatile organic synthons as well as their broad applications in multi-component reactions (MCRs) and other tandem reactions. Reactions involving multiple isocyanides allow the construction of molecules with further diversification and complexity, while C-H functionalization emphasizes the advantages of high atom economy, broad substrate availability and great synthetic efficiency. This promising synergistic strategy of C-H functionalization involving multiple isocyanides provides a variety of valuable synthetic methods for organic chemists' toolbox and offers considerable potential in pharmaceutical chemistry and materials science as well.

A novel bacterium-like particles platform displaying antigens by new anchoring proteins induces efficacious immune responses.

Bacterium-like particles (BLP) are the peptidoglycan skeleton particles of lactic acid bacteria, which have high safety, mucosal delivery efficiency, and adjuvant effect. It has been widely used in recent years in the development of vaccines. Existing anchoring proteins for BLP surfaces are few in number, so screening and characterization of new anchoring proteins are necessary.

Subcutaneous GAPDH vaccine in mice induces a proficient innate immune response.

Background: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) on the surface of , coded with gapC, is a glycolytic enzyme that was reported to be a moonlighting protein and virulence factor.

Objective: This study assessed GAPDH as a potential immunization candidate protein to prevent streptococcus infections.

Methods: Mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with recombinant GAPDH and challenged with .

The Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Combined with Linezolid against Linezolid-Resistant .

Enterococci resistance is increasing sharply, which poses a serious threat to public health. Rhamnolipids are a kind of amphiphilic compound used for its bioactivities, while the combination of nontraditional drugs to restore linezolid activity is an attractive strategy to treat infections caused by these pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the activity of linezolid in combination with the rhamnolipids against .

Effects of Catecholamine Stress Hormones Norepinephrine and Epinephrine on Growth, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expressions of Enterotoxigenic .

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is a significant contributor to diarrhea. To determine whether ETEC-catecholamine hormone interactions contribute to the development of diarrhea, we tested the effects of catecholamine hormones acting on ETEC in vitro. The results showed that in the presence of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi), the growth of 9 out of 10 ETEC isolates was promoted, the MICs of more than 60% of the isolates to 6 antibiotics significantly increased, and the biofilm formation ability of 10 ETEC isolates was also promoted.

Bacterium-like particles derived from probiotics: progress, challenges and prospects.

Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high safety, great stability, high loading capacity, and high mucosal delivery efficiency, BLPs can load and display proteins on the surface with the help of protein anchor (PA), making BLPs a proper delivery system. Owning to these features, BLPs are widely used in the development of adjuvants, vaccine carriers, virus/antigens purification, and enzyme immobilization.

Catalytic generation of -quinone dimethides donor/donor rhodium carbenes.

Substrates engineered to undergo a 1,4-C-H insertion to yield benzocyclobutenes resulted in a novel elimination reaction to yield -quinone dimethide (-QDM) intermediates that undergo Diels-Alder or hetero-Diels-Alder cycloadditions. The analogous benzylic acetals or ethers avoid the C-H insertion pathway completely and, after hydride transfer, undergo a de-aromatizing elimination reaction to -QDM at ambient temperature. The resulting dienes undergo a variety of cycloaddition reactions with high diastereo- and regio-selectivity.

Biological Activity of Optimized Codon Bovine Type III Interferon Expressed in .

Type III interferons (IFN-λs) exhibit potent antiviral activity and immunomodulatory effects in specific cells. Nucleotide fragments of the bovine () gene were synthetized after codon optimization. The gene was then amplified by splicing using overlap extension PCR (SOE PCR), resulting in the serendipitous acquisition of the mutated boIFN-λ3.

Identification of a First-in-Class Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the EIF4E-RBM38 Complex That Enhances Wild-type TP53 Protein Translation for Tumor Growth Suppression.

EIF4E, an mRNA cap-binding protein, is necessary for cap-dependent translation. Overexpression of EIF4E is known to promote cancer development by preferentially translating a group of oncogenic mRNAs. Thus, 4EGI-1, a disruptor of EIF4E-EIF4G1 interaction, was developed to inhibit oncoprotein expression for cancer therapy.

Direct Nitration of Vinylcycles with Copper Nitrate.

A direct nitration of vinylcyclopropanes is disclosed with Cu(NO) and KI in a regio- and stereoselective manner to afford nitroalkenes efficiently, where the cyclopropane skeleton was retained. The given method could be extended to other vinylcycles as well as biomolecule derivatives with wide substrate scope, good functionality tolerance, and efficient synthesis modularity. Further transformations illustrated the obtained products as versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.

Bovine cyclic GMP-AMP synthase recognizes exogenous double-stranded DNA and activates the STING-depended interferon β production pathway.

The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes exogenous double-stranded DNA and produces 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP), activating the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and innate immunity. Bovine cGAS functions remain poorly understood. Herein, the coding sequence of the bo-cGAS gene was obtained and its recognition function was investigated.

Construction of BHV-1 UL41 Defective Virus Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System and Analysis of Viral Replication Properties.

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) is a neurotropic herpesvirus that causes infectious rhinotracheitis and vulvovaginitis in cattle. The virion host shutoff protein encoded by the BHV-1 gene is highly conserved in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. This protein can degrade viral and host messenger RNA (mRNA) to interrupt host defense and facilitate the rapid proliferation of BHV-1.

Self-assembled BPIV3 nanoparticles can induce comprehensive immune responses and protection against BPIV3 challenge by inducing dendritic cell maturation in mice.

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is one of the most important viral respiratory pathogens of cattle. No specific therapies are available for BPIV3 infection; vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent BPIV3 infection. We therefore prepared the self-assembled BPIV3 nanoparticles by genetically fusing the ectodomain of BPIV3 haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) (HNex) to the NH terminus of ferritin (HNex-RFNp) using a baculovirus expression system.

Correction: Enantioselective synthesis of isochromans and tetrahydroisoquinolines by C-H insertion of donor/donor carbenes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C9SC05111B.].

Genetic and evolutionary analysis of emerging HoBi-like pestivirus.

HoBi-like pestivirus, an emerging species within the Pestivirus genus, is an important pathogen associated with a variety of clinical manifestations of ruminants, especially cattle. HoBi-like pestiviruses were identified in several countries and from different hosts, and raised concerns with regard to their acute and persistent infections, which is implicated in economic losses for cattle farmers. However, the transmission path, codon usage bias, and host adaptation of the virus has not been studied.

Infective mastitis due to bovine-associated Streptococcus dysgalactiae contributes to clinical persistent presentation in a murine mastitis model.

Background: Mastitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (GCS) is a major pathology of dairy cows. The mechanisms by which GCS intramammary infection is established and maintained involve not only bacterial adherence and invasion but also modulation of the cytokines and TLR immune response.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate characteristics of persistent infection of GCS collected from bovine mastitis milk in a murine mastitis model whose mammary structure is similar to that of dairy cows; dairy cow mastitis can be well simulated by using mice as models.

A Novel Type-I Interferon Family, Bovine Interferon-Chi, Is Involved in Positive-Feedback Regulation of Interferon Production.

Interferon-chi (IFN-χ) is a type of function-unknown IFN. IFN-χ in bovines (BoIFN-χ) has evolved as a multigene family. This family comprises four IFN-χ subtypes, two of which are functional genes, which we demonstrated to (i) have antiviral and antiproliferative activities, (ii) be highly sensitive to trypsin, and (iii) remain stable with changes in pH and temperature.

Enantioselective synthesis of isochromans and tetrahydroisoquinolines by C-H insertion of donor/donor carbenes.

Reports of C-H insertions forming six-membered rings containing heteroatoms are rare due to Stevens rearrangements occurring after nucleophilic attack on the carbene by a heteroatom. Using donor/donor carbenes and Rh(-PTAD) as a catalyst, we have synthesized a collection of isochroman substrates in good yield, with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity, and no rearrangement products were observed. Furthermore, we report the first synthesis of six-membered rings containing nitrogen by C-H insertion to form tetrahydroisoquinolines.

Synthesis and Comparative Evaluation of Photoswitchable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents.

A series of spiropyran (SP)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have been synthesized and evaluated for changes in relaxivity resulting from irradiation with visible light. Both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were appended to the SP ring in order to study the electronic effects on the photochromic and relaxivity properties of these photoswitchable MRI contrast agents. Photoswitches lacking an electron-withdrawing substituent isomerize readily between the merocyanine and SP forms, while the addition of a nitro group prevents this process.