The effects of bystander interventions for foreign body airway obstruction on survival and neurological outcomes: Findings of the MOCHI registry.

Introduction: Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is a life-threatening condition. We aimed to quantify the impact of bystander FBAO interventions on survival and neurological outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a Japan-wide prospective, multi-center, observational study including all FBAO patients who presented to the Emergency Department from April 2020 to March 2023.

Ambulance Traffic Crashes in Japan: Characteristics of Casualties and Efforts to Improve Ambulance Safety.

Background: An ambulance traffic crash not only leads to injuries among emergency medical service (EMS) professionals but also injures patients or their companions during transportation. We aimed to describe the incidence of ambulance crashes, seating location, seatbelt use for casualties (ie, both fatal and nonfatal injuries), ambulance safety efforts, and to identify factors affecting the number of ambulance crashes in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey of all fire departments in Japan.

Study on MEV90 of 0.5% ropivacaine for US-guided caudal epidural block in anorectal surgery.

Background: Choosing the appropriate concentration and volume of anesthetics is critical for a successful nerve block. The current study aimed to determine the minimum effective volume (MEV) of 0.5% ropivacaine for US-guided CEB in 90% of patients (MEV90) undergoing anorectal surgery.

Independent and Joint Associations of Pessimism, Total Calorie Intake and Acid-Producing Diets with Insomnia Symptoms among Breast Cancer Survivors.

Insomnia is prevalent in up to 40% of breast cancer survivors. Few studies have examined pessimism and dietary factors as risk factors for insomnia among breast cancer survivors. We leveraged a cohort of 2944 breast cancer survivors who enrolled in the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living study; these survivors provided dietary, insomnia, mental health, demographic, and lifestyle information at baseline and at 1- and 4-year follow-up assessments.

The Association Between Medicaid Adult Dental Coverage And Children's Oral Health.

Although all state Medicaid programs cover children's dental care, Medicaid-eligible children are more likely to experience tooth decay than children in higher-income families. Using data from the 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2003, 2007, and 2011-12 waves of the National Survey of Children's Health, we examined the association between Medicaid adult dental coverage (an optional benefit) and children's oral health. Adult dental coverage was associated with a statistically significant 5-percentage-point reduction in the prevalence of untreated caries among children after Medicaid-enrolled adults had access to coverage for at least one year.

The minimum effective concentration (MEC90) of ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided caudal block in anorectal surgery. A dose finding study.

Background: Caudal epidural block (CEB) provides reliable anesthesia for adults undergoing anorectal surgery. Despite the widely utilization, the minimum effective concentration for 90% patients (MEC90) of ropivacaine for CEB remains unknown.

Objective: To estimate MEC of ropivacaine for CEB in anorectal surgery.

Dual impairments in visual and hearing acuity and age-related cognitive decline in older adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging.

Background: We examined the associations between dual impairments in visual and hearing acuity and aging-related cognitive decline.

Methods: This was a longitudinal study of adults who had visual and hearing acuity and cognitive function assessed in 1992-1996 and were followed for up to 24 years (mean = 7.3 years), with up to five additional cognitive assessments.

Inhibition of ACSL4 attenuates ferroptotic damage after pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion.

Lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a common clinical pathology associated with high mortality. Ferroptosis, a novel mode of cell death elicited by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has been implicated in ischemic events. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) is one of the main enzymes in pro-ferroptotic lipid metabolism.

Phosphorus alleviation of nitrogen-suppressed methane sink in global grasslands.

Grassland ecosystems account for more than 10% of the global CH sink in soils. A 4-year field experiment found that addition of P alone did not affect CH uptake and experimental addition of N alone significantly suppressed CH uptake, whereas concurrent N and P additions suppressed CH uptake to a lesser degree. A meta-analysis including 382 data points in global grasslands corroborated these findings.

Predictive factors of facilitating linkage to care for HIV-positive detainees in ICE Health Service Corps-staffed facilities.

Background: Persons in ICE detention represent a population about whom limited health-related data is available in the literature. Since ICE detention is generally brief, facilitating linkage to care (FLC) for detainees with chronic diseases, including HIV-positive detainees, is challenging, yet critical to encourage continued treatment beyond custody. Between 2015 and 2017, IHSC-staffed facilities implemented intensive training related to HIV care and FLC and increased clinical oversight and consultations.

Overexpression of miR-124 Protects Against Neurological Dysfunction Induced by Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of lifelong disabilities worldwide, without effective therapies and clear regulatory mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as a significant regulator in neuroregeneration and neuronal apoptosis, thus holding great potential as therapeutic targets in HIE. In this study, we established the hypoxia-ischemia (HI) model in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model in vitro.

Association between depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among Han and Manchu ethnicities in a large, rural, Chinese population.

Objectives: To estimate the relationship between sleep quality and depression, among Han and Manchu ethnicities, in a rural Chinese population.

Methods: A sample of 8,888 adults was selected using a multistage cluster and random sampling method. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

A single-nucleotide polymorphism induced alternative splicing in Tacr3 involves in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and Alternative splicing (AS) were found to be implicated in certain diseases, nevertheless, the contributions of mRNA SNPs and AS to pathogenesis in developing rat brains with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remained largely vague. Additionally, the disease associated with Tacr3 was normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, while the relationship between HIE and Tacr3 remained largely elusive. The current study was designed to investigate the differentially expressed mRNAs and related SNPs as well as AS in neonatal rats subjected to HIE to identify if the exhibition of AS was associated with SNPs under pathological condition.

The mediated role of complement C3 in PM exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an elderly panel study in Beijing, China.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic disease worldwide. Ambient air pollution has long been proven to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression, but the underlying mechanism is not clear yet. In addition, previous studies mainly focused on the prevention of healthy people against the incidence of T2DM.

Associations of ambient fine particulate matter and its constituents with serum complement C3 in a panel study of older adults in China.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated association between the total mass of fine particulate matter (PM) exposures and inflammation. There are few studies exploring the associations between PM constituents and the biomarkers of inflammation in older adults and the underlying biological mechanisms are not exact. In this study, we examined the associations between PM and its constituents (organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), total carbon (TC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and complement three factor (C3), an important biomarker of inflammation in a repeated panel of 175 older adults in Beijing, China.

Association of Social Adversity with Comorbid Diabetes and Depression Symptoms in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study: A Syndemic Framework.

Background: U.S. Hispanics/Latinos experience high lifetime risk for Type 2 diabetes and concurrent psychological depression.

Comparison of Ultrasound Guidance vs. Clinical Assessment Alone for Management of Pediatric Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

Background: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can potentially help distinguish cellulitis from abscess, which can appear very similar on physical examination but necessitate different treatment approaches.

Objective: To compare POCUS guidance vs. clinical assessment alone on the management of pediatric skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in the emergency department (ED) setting.

Thoracic Aorta Calcification and Noncardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality.

Objective- Arterial calcification is highly correlated with underlying atherosclerosis. Arterial calcification of the thoracic aorta is evident in many older individuals at high susceptibility to aging-related diseases and non-cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality. In this study, we evaluated the association of thoracic aorta calcification (TAC) with non-CVD morbidity and mortality.

Oxidative stress and DNA damage in a long-term hexavalent chromium-exposed population in North China: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) as a human carcinogen. As reported, cancer mortality was higher in Cr(VI)-contaminated areas. Scientists have recommended studying its health impact on people living in contaminated areas.

Interactions Between Air Pollution and Obesity on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Chinese Children.

Background: Little information exists regarding the effect of interaction of obesity and long-term air pollution exposure on children's blood pressure and hypertension in areas with high levels of air pollution. The aim of this study is to assess effect modification by obesity on the association between exposure and blood pressure in Chinese children.

Methods: We studied 9,354 Chinese children, ages 5-17 years old, from 24 elementary schools and 24 middle schools in the Seven Northeastern Cities during 2012-2013.

Mold management of wetted carpet.

This study evaluated the growth and removal of fungi on wetted carpet using newly designed technologies that rely on physical principles of steam, heat, and fluid flow. Sixty samples of carpet were embedded with heat-treated house dust, followed by embedding, wearing with a hexapod, and wetting. Samples were inoculated using a liquid suspension of Cladosporium sphaerospermum prior to placement over a water-saturated foam pad.

Gender-specific differences in associations of overweight and obesity with asthma and asthma-related symptoms in 30 056 children: result from 25 districts of Northeastern China.

Objective: The relationship between obesity and allergic respiratory diseases in childhood is still controversial. Furthermore, significant debate on the issue of whether or not gender modifies this association also exists due to inconsistent findings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between obesity and respiratory health in children, and to investigate the modifications of gender on this association.

Inactivation of dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold from carpet.

Carpet is known to be a reservoir for biological contaminants, such as dust mites, dust mite allergen, and mold, if it is not kept clean. The accumulation of these contaminants in carpet might trigger allergies or asthma symptoms in both children and adults. The purpose of this study is to compare methods for removal of dust mites, dust mite allergens, and mold from carpet.