Associations of sleep with cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of observational and mendelian randomization studies.

Two researchers independently assessed studies published up to February 5, 2023, across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, to investigate the associations of sleep traits with cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as with cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen systematic reviews consisting of 23 meta-analyses, and 11 Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were included in this study. Short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension, stroke, and coronary heart disease (CHD) in observational studies, while a causal role was only demonstrated in obesity, hypertension, and CHD by MR.

Phenotypic and genetic effect of carotid intima-media thickness on the risk of stroke.

While carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a noninvasive surrogate measure of atherosclerosis is widely considered a risk factor for stroke, the intrinsic link underlying cIMT and stroke has not been fully understood. We aimed to evaluate the clinical value of cIMT in stroke through the investigation of phenotypic and genetic relationships between cIMT and stroke. We evaluated phenotypic associations using observational data from UK Biobank (N = 21,526).

Independent association of general and central adiposity with risk of gallstone disease: observational and genetic analyses.

Background: General obesity is a well-established risk factor for gallstone disease (GSD), but whether central obesity contributes additional independent risk remains controversial. We aimed to comprehensively clarify the effect of body fat distribution on GSD.

Methods: We first investigated the observational association of central adiposity, characterized by waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with GSD risk using data from UK Biobank (N=472,050).

Risk factors for prostate cancer: An umbrella review of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization analyses.

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in older males globally. Age, ethnicity, and family history are identified as the well-known risk factors for prostate cancer, but few modifiable factors have been firmly established. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate various factors modifying the risk of prostate cancer reported in meta-analyses of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.

[High Resolution Emission Inventory of Greenhouse Gas and Its Characteristics in Guangdong，China].

Based on the typical city survey data and statistics of Guangdong Province， a 2018-based 3 km×3 km gridded greenhouse gas emissions inventory was developed for Guangdong Province using the combination of top-down and bottom-up emission factor methods. The inventory covered the CO， CH and NO emissions from energy， industrial processes， agriculture， land use change and forest， waste management， and indirect sources. The results showed that estimates for CO， CH， and NO in Guangdong Province for the year 2018 were 8.

Observational and genetic analyses clarify the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and gallstone disease.

Background: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gallstone disease (GSD) have been incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate their phenotypic and genetic associations and evaluate the biological mechanisms underlying these associations.

Methods: We first evaluated the phenotypic association between T2DM and GSD using data from the UK Biobank (n>450,000) using a prospective observational design.

Observational and genetic analyses of the bidirectional relationship between depression and hypertension.

Background: While the association between depression and hypertension has been extensively investigated, the pattern and nature of such association remain inconclusive. We sought to investigate the bidirectional relationship between depression and hypertension and its causal.

Methods: We first performed observational analyses using longitudinal data from the UK Biobank.

Bidirectional relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: Prospective cohort study and genetic analyses.

Background: While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a putative causal risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the intrinsic link underlying T2DM and CAD is not fully understood. We aimed to highlight the importance of integrated care targeting both diseases by investigating the phenotypic and genetic relationships between T2DM and CAD.

Methods: We evaluated phenotypic associations using data from the United Kingdom Biobank ( N = 472,050).

Bioinformatic analysis of wheat defensin gene family and function verification of candidate genes.

Plant defensins are widely distributed in the leaves, fruits, roots, stems, seeds, and tubers. Research shows that defensin in plants play a significant role in physiological metabolism, growth and development. Plant defensins can kill and suppress a variety of pathogenic bacteria.

Understanding the relationship between circulating lipids and risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study and large-scale genetic analyses.

Background: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the phenotypic and genetic relationships between four common lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; total cholesterol, TC; and triglycerides, TG), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Methods: We first investigated the observational association of lipids (exposures) with CKD (primary outcome) and eGFR (secondary outcome) using data from UK Biobank. We then explored the genetic relationship using summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association study of four lipids (N = 1,320,016), CKD (N = 41,395, N = 439,303), and eGFR(N = 567,460).

Impact of gallstone disease on the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease: evidence from prospective observational studies and genetic analyses.

Background: Despite epidemiological evidence associating gallstone disease (GSD) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), a dilemma remains on the role of cholecystectomy in modifying the risk of CVD. We aimed to characterize the phenotypic and genetic relationships between GSD and two CVD events - stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods: We first performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies to quantify an overall phenotypic association between GSD and CVD.

The impact of immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation level on COVID-19 outcome: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exerted a profound influence on humans. Increasing evidence shows that immune response is crucial in influencing the risk of infection and disease severity. Observational studies suggest an association between COVID-19 and immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation traits, but the causal relevance of these traits in COVID-19 susceptibility and severity remains controversial.

Additional Evidence for the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Stroke Through Observational and Genetic Analyses.

While type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly considered a putative causal risk factor for stroke, the effect of stroke on T2DM remains unclear. The intrinsic link underlying T2DM and stroke has not been thoroughly examined. We aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic relationships underlying T2DM and stroke.

Genome-wide characterization of L-aspartate oxidase genes in wheat and their potential roles in the responses to wheat disease and abiotic stresses.

L-aspartate oxidase (AO) is the first enzyme in NAD biosynthesis and is widely distributed in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Recently, AO family members have been reported in several plants, including and . Research on AO in these plants has revealed that AO plays important roles in plant growth, development, and biotic stresses; however, the nature and functions of AO proteins in wheat are still unclear.

Epidemiological and Genetic Analyses of Schizophrenia and Breast Cancer.

Background And Hypothesis: While the phenotypic association between schizophrenia and breast cancer has been observed, the underlying intrinsic link is not adequately understood. We aim to conduct a comprehensive interrogation on both phenotypic and genetic relationships between schizophrenia and breast cancer.

Study Design: We first used data from UK Biobank to evaluate a phenotypic association and performed an updated meta-analysis incorporating existing cohort studies.

Using human genetics to understand the phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer.

Little is known regarding the shared genetic influences underlying the observed phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer in women. Leveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study conducted in each trait, we investigated the genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationship of chronotype with overall breast cancer, and with its subtypes defined by the status of oestrogen receptor. We identified a negative genomic correlation between chronotype and overall breast cancer (  = -0.

Migraine, chronic kidney disease and kidney function: observational and genetic analyses.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between migraine and chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the genetic basis underlying the phenotypic association has not been investigated. We aimed to help avoid unnecessary interventions in individuals with migraine through the investigation of phenotypic and genetic relationships underlying migraine, CKD, and kidney function. We first evaluated phenotypic associations using observational data from UK Biobank (N = 255,896).

Nuclear magnetic resonance-determined lipoprotein profile and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.

Purpose: While crudely quantified lipoproteins have been reported to affect the risk of breast cancer, the effects of subclass lipoproteins characterized by particle size, particle number, and lipidomes remain unknown.

Methods: Utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance-based GWAS of 85 lipoprotein traits, we performed two-sample univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between each trait with breast cancer (Ncase/control = 133,384/113,789) and with its estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes. Then, we applied multivariable MR to investigate the independent effects considering both general and central obesity.

Epidemiological and genetic evidence for the relationship between ABO blood group and human cancer.

To comprehensively evaluate the etiological role of ABO blood group in human cancer, we conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of 127 publications totaling 20 million participants including 231 737 patients of 20 cancers, supplemented by genetic evidence. Effects of A, AB and B groups on cancer risk were investigated by respectively comparing with O group and their combined counterparts, and subgroup analysis by ethnicity was conducted for O-referent models. For cancer categories, A group increased risk of cancers of oral cavity and nasopharynx, digestive and female genital organs, while both AB and B groups showed associations with cancers of digestive and female genital organs.

Using human genetics to understand the epidemiological association between obesity, serum urate, and gout.

Objectives: We aimed to clarify the genetic overlaps underlying obesity-related traits, serum urate, and gout.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide cross-trait analysis to identify genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationships between obesity (the exposure variable), gout (the primary outcome) and serum urate (the secondary outcome). Summary statistics were collected from the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies conducted for BMI (N = 806 834), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; N = 697 734), WHR adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI; N = 694 649), serum urate (N = 288 649), and gout (Ncases = 13 179 and Ncontrols = 750 634).

Addictive behavior and incident gallstone disease: A dose-response meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Previous studies have suggested associations between addictive behavior and gallstone disease (GSD) risk, yet conflicting results exist. It also remains unclear whether this association is causal or due to confounding or reverse associations. The present study aims to systematically analyze the epidemiological evidence for these associations, as well as estimate the potential causal relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Cumulative Evidence for Associations Between Genetic Variants in Interleukin 6 Receptor Gene and Human Diseases and Phenotypes.

Background: Genetic studies have linked polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 receptor () gene to the risk of multiple human diseases and phenotypes, yet have reported inconsistent results. We aimed to synthesize current knowledge of variants in the gene on the risk of diseases and phenotypes.

Methods: We searched the Medline and Embase databases to identify relevant publications.

The Causal Relationships Between Extrinsic Exposures and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in males worldwide, and multitudes of factors have been reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk.

Objectives: We aim to conduct the phenome-wide exposed-omics analysis of the risk factors for prostate cancer and verify the causal associations between them.

Methods: We comprehensively searched published systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies and conducted another systematic review and meta-analysis of the Mendelian randomization studies investigating the associations between extrinsic exposures and prostate cancer, thus to find all of the potential risk factors for prostate cancer.

Variability in real-world emissions and fuel consumption by diesel construction vehicles and policy implications.

Strategically reducing the emission of non-road mobile source especially diesel construction vehicle (DCV) has a large potential in improving air quality and has attracted much scientific and public attention in recent years around the world. In this study, we explored real-world fuel consumption rate and gaseous emissions factors for multiple pollutants of three typical DCVs in China. The sampling campaign considered the operation mode, cumulative operation hour, emission standard stage and engine power.