Characterization of Active Compounds in Sanhuang Shu'ai Decoction for the Management of Ulcerative Colitis: A UHPLC-MS Study.

Objective: The effectiveness of Sanhuang Shu'ai decoction (SSD), a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat diarrhea and colitis, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), is not well understood regarding how its chemical components work.

Methods: This research used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking to understand the active substances and potential mechanisms of SSD in treating UC.

Results: UHPLC and MS analyses identified 710 active components in SSD extracts (ZYTQY) and 387 in SSD-containing serum (HYXQ), with 35 active compounds found in both ZYTQY and HYXQ and 67 active compounds from SSDD (SSD compound obtained directly from the database), along with 6 metabolites that may be key components in its function.

The impact of pillow height on neck muscle activity: a pilot study.

Purpose: Muscle relaxation in the neck during sleep is crucial for achieving quality sleep, and varying pillow heights can significantly influence the myoelectric activity of the neck muscles. This study aims to investigate the effects of different pillow heights on neck muscle activity, with the goal of providing evidence-based recommendations for pillow selection.

Methods: A total of 15 asymptomatic participants in this study, aged 18 to 30, were assigned to three groups based on pillow height: height 1 (0.

Orbital angular momentum study of a Laguerre-Gauss vortex beam in finite-amplitude acoustic wave perturbed atmospheric turbulence.

The paper establishes a transmission model for Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence that is affected by finite-amplitude acoustic waves (i.e. non-linear acoustic waves).

Identifying fatigue of climbing workers using physiological data based on the XGBoost algorithm.

Background: High-voltage workers often experience fatigue due to the physically demanding nature of climbing in dynamic and complex environments, which negatively impacts their motor and mental abilities. Effective monitoring is necessary to ensure safety.

Methods: This study proposed an experimental method to quantify fatigue in climbing operations.

Machine learning models for daily net radiation prediction across different climatic zones of China.

Net radiation (R), a critical component in land surface energy cycling, is calculated as the difference between net shortwave radiation and longwave radiation at the Earth's surface and holds significant importance in crop models for precision agriculture management. In this study, we examined the performance of four machine learning models, including extreme learning machine (ELM), hybrid artificial neural networks with genetic algorithm models (GANN), generalized regression neural networks (GRNN), and random forests (RF), in estimating daily R at four representative sites across different climatic zones of China. The input variables included common meteorological factors such as minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, sunshine duration, and shortwave solar radiation.

Brain network dynamics in patients with single- and multiple-domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Brain network dynamics have been extensively explored in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI); however, differences in single- and multiple-domain aMCI (SD-aMCI and MD-aMCI) remain unclear.

Methods: Using multicenter datasets, coactivation patterns (CAPs) were constructed and compared among normal control (NC), SD-aMCI, MD-aMCI, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients based on individual high-order cognitive network (HOCN) and primary sensory network (PSN) parcellations. Correlations between spatiotemporal characteristics and neuropsychological scores were analyzed.

Robust two-color physically unclonable patterns from controlled aggregation of a single organic luminophore.

This research presents a new approach to create two-color luminescent physically unclonable functions (PUFs) using an organic luminophore with tunable emission colors. These PUFs offer high security and stable performance, significantly enhancing anti-counterfeiting capabilities by exponentially increasing encoding capacity through dual-color integration and complex pattern formation.

RNAi-mediated glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) silencing inhibits ovarian development and enhances deltamethrin-treated energy depletion in Locusta migratoria.

Energy metabolism is essential for insect development, reproduction and detoxification. Insects often reallocate energy and resources to manage external stress, balancing the demands of detoxification and reproduction. Glucose transport 4 (Glut4), a glucose transporter, is involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Addition to Vegetation and Soil Bacterial Communities in Saline-Alkali-Degraded Grassland with Photovoltaic Panels.

The Songnen grassland is an important resource for livestock production in China. Due to the intensification of anthropogenic activities in recent years, vegetation degradation has worsened, and the salinization of grassland has become increasingly serious, which severely affects the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry. In this study, organic fertilizer addition was carried out at saline-and-alkaline-degraded Songnen grassland sites with photovoltaic panels, and we investigated the effects of organic fertilizer treatments on the vegetation and soil bacteria in these areas.

Generalized modulation for distance-aware optical camera communication beyond oversampled and undersampled schemes.

Oversampled modulation (OM) and undersampled modulation (UM) are two commonly used optical camera communication (OCC) modulation schemes for high-speed communication in short-range and reliable communication at long distances, respectively. However, the relationship between these two schemes and the tradeoff in performance for arbitrary communication distances have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we analyze the impact of distance and modulation parameters on pixel efficiency and packet delivery rate performance, demonstrating the underlying unity of traditional OM and UM schemes.

A multi-dimensional photodetector based on an α-MoO grating and graphene.

Integration of multi-dimensional optical information enhances the recognition and anti-interference capabilities of the detection system, allowing for better adaptation to complex environments. Therefore, this technology represents a crucial developmental pathway for the future of infrared optical detectors. In this study, a dual-band polarization photodetector based on a two-dimensional α-MoO grating structure is proposed.

The prognostic value of lymph node dissection in patients with parathyroid carcinoma.

Background: Surgery is the only curative treatment strategy for parathyroid carcinoma (PC). However, the optimal extent of surgery remains uncertain, particularly regarding whether routine central lymph node dissection (LND) confers a survival advantage to patients with PC. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of LND in PC patients.

Manganese induces podocyte injury through regulating MTDH/ALKBH5/NLRP10 axis: Combined analysis at epidemiology and molecular biology levels.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for various biological processes but excess exposure to Mn can cause neurotoxicity. However, there are few reports regarding the toxicity effect of Mn on the kidney as well as the underlying molecule mechanism. Herein, in vivo experiments were adopted to assess the toxicity effects associated with Mn, and found that chronic Mn treatment induced the injury of glomerular podocytes but not renal tubule in rats.

Clinical use of macitentan in the treatment of connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Background: Connective tissue disease (CTD) is the second most common cause of the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Currently, clinical data concerning CTD-PAH is scarce. Our study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of macitentan in the treatment of CTD-PAH.

Particle sizes crucially affected the release of additives from tire wear particles during UV irradiation and mechanical abrasion.

In the environment, tire wear particles (TWPs) could release various additives to induce potential risk, while the effects of particle size on the additive release behavior and ecological risk from TWPs remain unknown. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of particle sizes (>2 mm, 0.71-1 mm, and <0.

Research on time series prediction of multi-process based on deep learning.

Aiming at the problem of data fluctuation in multi-process production, a Soft Update Dueling Double Deep Q-learning (SU-D3QN) network combined with soft update strategy is proposed. Based on this, a time series combination forecasting model SU-D3QN-G is proposed. Firstly, based on production data, Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used for prediction.

Identification of the CONSTANS-like family in Cymbidium sinense, and their functional characterization.

Background: Cymbidium sinense is an orchid that is typically used as a potted plant, given its high-grade ornamental characteristics, and is most frequently distributed in China and SE Asia. The inability to strictly regulate flowering in this economically important potted and cut-flower orchid is a bottleneck that limits its industrial development. Studies on C.

Comparison of biologics and small-molecule drugs in axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Biologics and small-molecule drugs have become increasingly accepted worldwide in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). However, a quantitative multiple comparison of their efficacy and safety is lacking. This study aims to provide an integrated assessment of the relative benefits and safety profiles of these drugs in axSpA treatment.

Glycyrrhizin arginine salt protects against cisplation-induced acute liver injury by repressing BECN1-mediated ferroptosis.

The study aimed to investigate the protective effects and biological mechanisms of glycyrrhizin arginine salt (Gly-Arg) against cisplatin (Cis)-induced liver injury. Our data showed that Gly-Arg improved Cis-induced liver injury. Further study showed that BECN1 (beclin1) and LC3-II/LC3-I protein expression was significantly increased in primary hepatocytes and mouse liver tissues after Cis treatment, but Gly-Arg reduced the protein levels of BECN1 and LC3-II/LC3-I in primary hepatocytes and mouse liver tissues.

Current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment.

New York-esophageal cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) belongs to the cancer testis antigen (CTA) family, and has been identified as one of the most immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) among the family members. Given its ability to trigger spontaneous humoral and cellular immune response and restricted expression, NY-ESO-1 has emerged as one of the most promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines, an important element of cancer immunotherapy, function by presenting an exogenous source of TAA proteins, peptides, and antigenic epitopes to CD4 T cells major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and to CD8 T cells major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I).

Valorization of lignin-derived compounds into poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by engineered Halomonas sp. Y3.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a biopolyester with great potential, but its high production cost via the propionate-dependent pathway has hindered its development. Herein, we engineer Halomonas sp. Y3 to achieve efficient conversion of various LDCs into PHBV without propionate supplement.