Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural systems is a primary nature-based option for mitigating climate change, improving soil fertility, and ensuring food security. However, the consequences of global warming and increases in carbon inputs on cropland SOC stocks over the last few decades remain largely unknown, particularly in deeper soil layers. Here, by using repeated measurements, we reassess variations in SOC stocks across a 0 to 100 cm soil profile at the same locations in China's upland croplands in 1980 and 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReclamation is essential for restoring the ecological function of soil in mining areas. However, the microbiological mechanism of soil ecological function reconstruction under different reclamation measures still needs to be clarified. Clarifying the characteristics of soil bacterial and fungal communities, assembly mechanisms, and their relationship with physicochemical properties under different reclamation measures is crucial for reshaping the ecological stability of soil in mining areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuan Jing Ke Xue
December 2024
Proper application of soil amendments can effectively increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in poor soils, thereby enhancing soil fertility level. The impacts of different types of amendments on the SOC content of sandy soils varies widely. Investigating the effects of various amendments on the SOC content of sandy soils and associated key controlling factors provides a scientific basis for formulating strategies to enhance the fertility of sandy soils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims/introduction: To investigated the association between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different durations.
Materials And Methods: A total of 436 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study from the community health service center in southeastern Shanxi Province. All the patients were divided into two groups according to their diabetes duration: diabetes duration ≤5 years group (n = 132) and diabetes duration ≥10 years group (n = 304).
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the link between 25-hydroxy vitamin D and serum asprosin in individuals with type 2 diabetes within the community. The goal was to provide a foundation for clinical interventions.
Methods: Between November 2019 and July 2021, data from 463 patients with type 2 diabetes were consistently gathered at a community health service station in Southeast Shanxi Province.
Sci Rep
August 2024
Excessive application of mineral fertilizers has accelerated soil acidification in China, affecting crop production when the pH drops below a critical value. However, the contributions of natural soil acidification, induced by leaching of bicarbonate, and anthropogenic causes of soil acidification, induced by nitrogen (N) transformations and removal of base cations over acid anions, are not well quantified. In this study, we quantified soil acidification rates, in equivalents (eq) of acidity, by assessing the inputs and outputs of all major cations and anions, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate, bicarbonate, sulphate, phosphate and chloride, for 13 long-term experimental sites in southern China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFumigants and fungicides are effective at controlling soil-borne pathogens but might also adversely affect soil beneficial microbes, such as soil phosphorus (P) solubilizing microbes, further altering nutrient cycling processes. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the fumigant chloropicrin (CP) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO) on soil microeukaryotes and P-cycling related soil bacteria through a greenhouse experiment. Soil microeukaryotic communities and bacterial communities containing two phosphomonoesterase encoding genes (phoC and phoD) were analysed using high-throughput sequencing methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon stock is crucial for effective climate change assessment and agroecosystem management. However, little is known about the effects of organic amendments on GHG emissions and dynamic changes in carbon stocks in salt-affected soils. We conducted a pot experiment with four treatments including control (only fertilizers addition), biochar, vermicompost, and compost on non-saline and salt-affected soils, with the application on a carbon equivalent basis under wheat crop production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZinc (Zn) is essential for plants and animals as it plays significant roles in several physiological and biological processes. Its deficiency in soil results in low Zn content food and is one of the major reasons for Zn malnutrition in humans. Biofortification of crops with zinc (Zn) is a viable approach to combat malnutrition, especially in developing countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChina accounts for around 50 % of the global vegetable harvested area which is expected to increase continuously. Large cropland areas, including rice paddy, have been converted into vegetable cultivation to feed an increasingly affluent population and increase farmers' incomes. However, little information is available on the balance between economic benefits and environmental impacts upon rice paddy conversion into vegetable fields, especially during the initial conversion period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo improve the potassium availability of feldspar at ordinary temperatures, the mechanical grinding and addition of sodium hydroxide/salts were employed to study the effects of mechanical activation and strong alkali addition on particle characteristics, water-soluble potassium, and the available potassium of feldspar. A laser particle size analyzer was utilized for the direct determination of particle size distribution (PSD) using ground samples. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was employed for specific surface areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo boost crop production, China uses almost a third of the world's nitrogen (N) fertilizer. However, N losses due to enhanced application of N fertilizers has led to surface water and groundwater pollution. A reduction in N losses without reducing crop yields is possible by increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which is important for the effective management of local crop production and water quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLabile carbon (C) input and fertilization have important consequences for soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition via the priming effect (PE), thereby impacting soil fertility and C sequestration. However, it remains largely uncertain on how the labile C input levels interact with long-term fertilization history to control PE intensity. To clarify this question, soil samples were collected from a 38-year fertilization field experiment (including five treatments: chemical nitrogen fertilizer, N; chemical fertilizer, NPK; manure, M; 200 % manure, M; NPK plus M, NPKM), with strongly altered soil physiochemical properties (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFP or PK addition significantly affected microbial CUE. No significant linear correlation between respiration rates and microbial CUE under N addition when NP and NPK addition were excluded.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Soil fumigation can change soil nutrient cycling processes by affecting soil beneficial microorganisms, which is a key issue for soil fertility. However, the effect of combined application of fumigant and fungicide on soil phosphorus (P) availability remains largely unclear. We investigated the effects of the fumigant chloropicrin (CP) and the fungicide azoxystrobin (AZO) on soil phosphatase activity and soil P fractions in ginger production using a 28-week pot experiment with six treatments: control (CK), a single application of AZO (AZO1), double applications of AZO (AZO2), CP-fumigated soil without AZO (CP), CP combined with AZO1 (CP + AZO1) and CP combined with AZO2 (CP + AZO2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWheat breeding has progressively increased yield potential through decades of selection, markedly increased the capacity for food production. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is essential for wheat production and N agronomic efficiency (NAE) is commonly index used for evaluate the effects of N fertilizer on crop yield, calculated as the difference of wheat yield between N fertilizer treatment and non-N fertilizer treatment divided by the total N application rate. However, the impact of variety on NAE and its interaction with soil fertility remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSalinity and water stress are serious environmental issues that reduced crop production worldwide. The current research was initiated (2012) in the wirehouse of the Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan to investigate the growth, stress tolerance, and physiological responses of guava to salinity and water shortage. Guava was grown for one year in pots containing soil with Eight treatments (control, 10 dS m, 20 dS m, 40 dS m, control + water stress (WS), 10 dS m + WS, 20 dS m + WS, 40 dS m + WS) in a completely randomized design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsolation and quantification of soil organic matter (SOM) pools under the influence of management practices is needed for assessing the changes in soil fertility. However, the knowledge on how the active, slow and passive pools of SOM respond to long-term fertilization is scarce. Therefore, the present study was designed to isolate the active, slow, and passive pools of soil organic matter through physical fractionation under long-term fertilization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effective utilization of manure in cropland systems is essential to sustain yields and reduce reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses. However, there are still uncertainties regarding the substitution of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer with manure in terms of its effects on crop yield and Nr losses. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of wheat, maize, and rice applications in China and discovered that substituting mineral N fertilizer with manure increased wheat and maize yields by 4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To explore the association between serum asprosin and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the community.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively collected the clinical data of T2DM patients from a community health service center in southeastern Shanxi Province between November 2019 and July 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of asprosin levels on the risk of DN.
The long-term stability of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and its minimum contribution towards global C cycle has been challenged, as recent studies have showed rapid decreases in SIC stocks in intensive agricultural systems. However, the extent of SIC losses and its driving factors remains unclear. Here, we compared changes in SIC density (SICD) in Chinese croplands between the 1980s and 2010s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoil chloropicrin (CP) fumigation helps to increase crop yields by eliminating soil-borne diseases which inhibit plant growth. However, little is known about the effect of the CP fumigation combined with fungicide application on plant growth and nutrient uptake. In this study, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with six treatments: CK (untreated soil), AZO1 (a single application of azoxystrobin (AZO)), AZO2 (double applications of AZO), CP (CP fumigation with no AZO), CP+AZO1 (CP combined with AZO1) and CP+AZO2 (CP combined with AZO2) to investigate the effects of CP fumigation and AZO application on ginger growth and phosphorus (P) uptake.
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