Shootin1 Regulates Retinal Ganglion Cell Neurite Development: Insights From an RGC Direct Somatic Cell Reprogramming Model.

Purpose: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) connect the retina to the brain. Proper development of the axons and dendrites of RGCs is the basis for these cells to function as projection neurons to deliver visual information to the brain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of Shtn1 (which encodes shootin1) in RGC neurite development.

Retinal Ganglion Cell Fate Induction by Ngn-Family Transcription Factors.

Purpose: Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the projection neurons of the retina. Loss of RGCs is the cellular basis for vision loss in patients with glaucoma. Finding ways to regenerate RGCs will aid in the development of regenerative therapies for patients with glaucoma.

Safety and efficacy in pediatric secondary intraocular lens implantation, in-the-bag versus sulcus implantation: a multicenter, single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Treatment of pediatric cataract remains challenging because of the extremely high incidence of postoperative adverse events (AEs), especially the AEs related to the locations of secondary implanted intraocular lens (IOL). There are two common locations for secondary IOL implantation in pediatric aphakic eyes: ciliary sulcus or in-the-bag implantation. However, there are currently no large, prospective studies comparing complication rates and visual prognosis of in-the-bag versus ciliarysulcus secondary IOL implantation in pediatric patients.

The impact of preloaded intraocular lens implantation system (TECNIS iTec®) in routine cataract surgery in China: a time-motion analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the impact on surgical efficiency and labor time cost of preloaded intraocular lens (IOL) implantation system compared with manual IOL implantation system in age-related cataract surgery in China.

Methods: This study was an observational, multicenter, prospective time-motion analysis. IOL preparation time, operation time, cleaning time, number and cost of cataract surgeries in eight participating hospitals were collected.

Identification of a New Mutation p.P88L in Connexin 50 Associated with Dominant Congenital Cataract.

Congenital hereditary cataract is genetically heterogeneous and the leading cause of visual impairment in children. Identification of hereditary causes is critical to genetic counselling and family planning. Here, we examined a four-generation Chinese pedigree with congenital dominant cataract and identified a new mutation in via targeted exome sequencing.

Effectiveness of intraoperative intraocular lens use on improving surgical safety for dense cataract phacoemulsification: a randomized controlled trial.

We designed this study to assess if surgical safety can be improved by intraoperative use of intraocular lens (IOL) for cataract phacoemulsification. We performed phacoemulsification cataract removal on 401 patients. We randomly assigned these patients into three groups: the standard setting (Group I, n = 134), with reduced vacuum and flow rate (Group II, n = 137), and with IOL insertion before the last quadrant was emulsified with standard setting (Group III, n = 130).

A Novel Mutation p.S93R in CRYBB1 Associated with Dominant Congenital Cataract and Microphthalmia.

: To identify the pathogenetic mutations in a four-generation Chinese family with dominant congenital cataracts and microphthalmia.: A four-generation Chinese family with dominant congenital cataracts were recruited. Genomic DNAs were collected from their peripheral blood leukocytes and subjected to whole exome sequencing.

The HIF-1 antagonist acriflavine: visualization in retina and suppression of ocular neovascularization.

Unlabelled: Acriflavine, a fluorescent drug previously used for bacterial and trypanosomal infections, reduces hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and HIF-2 transcriptional activity. In mice with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy, intraocular or intraperitoneal injections of acriflavine caused dose-dependent suppression of retinal neovascularization (NV) and significantly reduced expression of HIF-1-responsive genes. Intraocular injection of 100 ng caused inner retina fluorescence within 1 h that was seen throughout the entire retina between 1 and 5 days, and at 7 days after injection, strongly suppressed choroidal NV at Bruch's membrane rupture sites.

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting with Skin Rashes, Eosinophilic Cholecystitis, and Retinal Vasculitis.

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), also known as Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), is a rare vasculitis of unknown etiology. Most of the patients have a long history of asthma and then develop autoimmune inflammation of small and medium-sized blood vessels, with consequent reduction of blood flow to various organs and tissues. EGPA can cause disorders in multiple systems; the most seriously affected organs are the retina, kidney, brain, cardiovascular system, and skin.

Vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 plays a central role in the proangiogenic effects of oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress exacerbates neovascularization (NV) in many disease processes. In this study we investigated the mechanism of that effect. Mice deficient in superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1(-/-) mice) have increased oxidative stress and show severe ocular NV that is reduced to baseline by antioxidants.

The influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial cells at varying blood glucose levels.

Purpose: To investigate the influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelial cells in diabetes patients and normal controls.

Methods: Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed on 75 patients with diabetic cataract (126 eyes) who were divided into two groups: Experimental group 1 (Glu ≤ 6mmol/L); Experimental group 2 (Glu 6-10 mmol/L) and 65 non-diabetic controls (112 eyes). The density and percentage of hexagonal cells and coefficient of variation of the corneal endothelia were measured before surgery and 1 day, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.

Torsional ultrasound efficiency under different vacuum levels in different degrees of nuclear cataract.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of torsional ultrasound (US) under different vacuum levels in eyes with cataract with different degrees of nuclear density.

Setting: Cataract Service, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Methods: In this prospective randomized series, eyes with age-related cataract were divided into 3 groups based on nuclear density.

Early changes in clear cornea incision after phacoemulsification: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the ultrastructures of clear corneal incisions 24 hours after phacoemulsification using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly selected. All eyes underwent the same phacoemulsification procedure carried out by one experienced surgeon.

A comparative study of non-chopping rotation and axial rotation versus quick chop phacoemulsification techniques.

Background And Objective: The authors describe the non-chopping rotation and axial rotation phacoemulsification techniques and compare them with the quick chop technique in terms of efficacy and safety.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative study of 654 eyes of patients with cataracts who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups according to phacoemulsification technique and were subdivided into four groups according to nuclear density.

[Comparative studies of wavefront aberration and contrast sensitivity after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation].

Objective: To study the difference of the contrast sensitivity and wavefront aberration of two eyes who undergone phacoemulsification and intraocular transplantation respectively.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with cataract were included in the study. With the consent of the patients, one eye was implanted SA60AT intraocular lens and another eye was implanted Tennis Z9001 intraocular lens after phacoemulsification.

Aberration and contrast sensitivity comparison of aspherical and monofocal and multifocal intraocular lens eyes.

Background: Higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity were evaluated in patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract extraction followed by implantation of aspherical, monofocal or multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) replacements.

Methods: In this comparative trial, 124 patients with an average age of 66.8+/-5.

Torsional mode versus conventional ultrasound mode phacoemulsification: randomized comparative clinical study.

Purpose: To compare the intraoperative and short-term postoperative outcomes of cataract surgery performed with torsional mode and conventional ultrasound mode using the Infiniti Vision System (Alcon Laboratories).

Setting: Cataract Service, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Methods: In this randomized comparative study, 525 eyes were assigned to phacoemulsification by torsional mode or conventional ultrasound (US) mode.

Protection of retinal ganglion cells against glaucomatous neuropathy by neurotrophin-producing, genetically modified neural progenitor cells in a rat model.

Objective: To investigate in vivo survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after partial blockage of optic nerve (ON) axoplasmic flow by sub-retinal space or vitreous cavity injection of brain-derived neural factor (BDNF) produced by genetically modified neural progenitor cells (NPCs).

Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat RGCs were labeled with granular blue (GB) applied to their main targets in the brain. Seven days later, the left ON was intra-obitally crushed with a 40 g power forceps to partially block ON axoplasmic flow.

[Analysis of intra-operative and early post-operative complications and safety in non-penetrating trabecular surgery].

Objective: To evaluate the safety, effectiveness and complications of non-penetrating trabecular surgery (NPTS). METHODS A total of 168 patients ( 258 eyes) of primary open angle glaucoma were divided into 2 groups randomly, and they were matched according to the age, sex and severity of disease. NPTS with reticulated hyaluronic acid implant was taken in one group, and traditional trabeculectomy was taken in the other.

[Alteration of lateral geniculate body cells after partial injury].

Objective: To investigate the damage of the cells of the lateral geniculate bodies (LGB) of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after partial optic nerve injury.

Methods: The optic nerve was pressed by a forceps (40 g) for 30 seconds to set up the animal model with optic nerve injury. LGB was chopped in serial coronal slices (10 microm thickness) by a cryomicrotome.