Engineering an oilseed crop for hyper-accumulation of carotenoids in the seeds without using a traditional marker gene.

Ketocarotenoids were synthesized successfully in Camelina sativa seeds by genetic modification without using a traditional selection marker genes. This method provided an interesting tool for metabolic engineering of seed crops. Camelina sativa (L.

[Hydrochemical Characteristics and Analysis of the Qilihai Wetland, Tianjin].

Hydrochemistry is an important parameter for wetland water environmental assessment. To study the hydrochemistry and main ion sources in the Qilihai wetland in Tianjin, river water, groundwater, and water in the marsh were collected and analyzed. The results show that:① The river and marsh waters are SO·Cl-Na in type and groundwater water is HCO-Na and HCO-Na·Ca in type.

Relationship between the honeydew of mealy bugs and the growth of Phlebopus portentosus.

Background: Phlebopus portentosus and mealy bugs form a fungus-insect gall on the roots of host plants. The fungus and mealy bugs benefit mutually through the gall, which is the key link in the nutritional mechanism of P. portentosus.

Variability of relationship between the volume scattering function at 180° and the backscattering coefficient for aquatic particles.

Properly interpreting lidar (light detection and ranging) signal for characterizing particle distribution relies on a key parameter, (), which relates the particulate volume scattering function (VSF) at 180° (()) that a lidar measures to the particulate backscattering coefficient (). However, () has been seldom studied due to challenges in accurately measuring () and concurrently in the field. In this study, (), as well as its spectral dependence, was re-examined using the VSFs measured in situ at high angular resolution in a wide range of waters.

Calibration of the LISST-VSF to derive the volume scattering functions in clear waters.

The recently commercialized LISST-VSF instrument measures the volume scattering function (VSF) from 0.1° to 15° with a traditional laser diffraction unit (LISST) and from 15° to 155° with an eyeball component. Between these two optical components, only the LISST unit is calibrated.

[Spectral Matching Algorithm Applied to Identify the Terahertz Spectrum of Caulis Spatholobi and Caulis Sargentodoxae].

Caulis spatholobi and caulis sargentodoxae are two different kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, which are similar to each other in appearance, but they are from differ sources with different functions.. This paper presents their spectrum using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology combines spectral matching algorithm to identify five different kinds of these samples.

Fungus-insect gall of Phlebopus portentosus.

Phlebopus portentosus is a popular edible wild mushroom found in the tropical Yunnan, China, and northern Thailand. In its natural habitats, a gall often has been found on some plant roots, around which fungal fruiting bodies are produced. The galls are different from common insect galls in that their cavity walls are not made from plant tissue but rather from the hyphae of P.

Modeling the effects of near-surface plumes of suspended particulate matter on remote-sensing reflectance of coastal waters.

A radiative transfer model was applied to examine the effects of vertically stratified inherent optical properties of the water column associated with near-surface plumes of suspended particulate matter on spectral remote-sensing reflectance, R(rs)(λ), of coastal marine environments. The simulations for nonuniform ocean consisting of two layers with different concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) are compared with simulations for a reference homogeneous ocean whose SPM is identical to the surface SPM of the two-layer cases. The near-surface plumes of particles are shown to exert significant influence on R(rs)(λ).

[Studies on signal-to-noise ratio standard for THz time-domain spectroscope].

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is an important part of THz technology, but its low scan speed always becomes the bottleneck In this article signals of TDS system under different scan speed were compared. The signal quality was getting worse while scan speed was increasing, and the time constant of lock-in amplifier plays an important role in the process. The main noise was found introduced from the circuit according to the experiment results.

[Studies on signal-to-noise ratio standardization for THz time-domain spectroscopy].

In the present article the concept of standard signal-to-noise ratio (StSNR) for THz time-domain spectroscopy was introduced, with which different systems could be evaluated quantitatively. Based on the characteristics of SNR, a brief method was given for acquiring StSNR. With this method for calculating the StSNR, the result data of a single test was the only item needed, which eased the users lot to compare the capability of various THz time-domain spectrometers.

Determination of Primary Spectral Bands for Remote Sensing of Aquatic Environments.

About 30 years ago, NASA launched the first ocean-color observing satellite:the Coastal Zone Color Scanner. CZCS had 5 bands in the visible-infrared domain with anobjective to detect changes of phytoplankton (measured by concentration of chlorophyll) inthe oceans. Twenty years later, for the same objective but with advanced technology, theSea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS, 7 bands), the Moderate-ResolutionImaging Spectrometer (MODIS, 8 bands), and the Medium Resolution ImagingSpectrometer (MERIS, 12 bands) were launched.

[Chromatographic analysis on tryptic hydrolysis of whole casein].

Tryptic hydrolysis of whole casein was investigated by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) in combination with the degree of hydrolysis (DH). In terms of HPSEC chromatograms obtained at different DH values, the complex process of enzymatic reaction and the relative molecular mass distribution of multiple hydrolysates were quantitatively characterized. Based on the information of casein micelle structure, the possible reaction mechanism was deduced from a series of chromatograms.