Five new limonoids isolated from Walsura robusta.

Five new toosendanin limonoids with highly oxidative furan ring walsurobustones A-D (1-4), and one new furan ring degraded limonoid walsurobustone E (5) together with one known compound toonapubesic acid B (6) were isolated from the leaves of Walsura robusta. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS data. Especially, the absolute configuration of toonapubesic acid B (6) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction study.

[Design and application of a new magnetic joint for electroacupuncture instrument].

Combined with the material characteristics of acupuncture needle, new connection technology and injection moulding technology, and through mechanical test, a new type of magnetic joint for electroacupuncture instrument, with regular appearance and simple manufacturing process, is developed, which can be connected with acupuncture needle in close range. This joint is composed of the inner magnet joint and the outer joint protective sleeve. The new conductive adhesive is used to simplify the manufacturing process.

Role of autophagy in LPS‑induced inflammation in INS‑1 cells.

Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is a progressive disease characterized by pancreatic β‑cell dysfunction and apoptosis with consequential insufficient insulin secretion. Autophagy is necessary to maintain the structure, mass and function of pancreatic β‑cells. The present study investigated the crosstalk between autophagy and inflammasome activation in T2D.

Development and validation of an individualized diagnostic signature in thyroid cancer.

New molecular signatures are needed to improve the diagnosis of thyroid cancer (TC) and avoid unnecessary surgeries. In this study, we aimed to develop a robust and individualized diagnostic signature in TC. Gene expression profiles of tumor and nontumor samples were from 13 microarray datasets of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and one RNA-sequencing dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Resveratrol attenuates type 2 diabetes mellitus by mediating mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism via Sirtuin type 1.

The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health problem and novel therapeutic strategies are required to prevent and treat T2DM. It has been demonstrated that resveratrol (RSV) may prevent T2DM by targeting Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1), indicating that SIRT1 may be a novel therapeutic target for T2DM prevention. In the present study, a T2DM rat model was established by administering a high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injections.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by lipopolysaccharide is involved in the association between inflammation and autophagy in INS‑1 cells.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease. Autophagy, the dynamic process of lysosomal degradation of damaged organelles and proteins, may protect β‑cells from destruction by inflammation in type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated the role of autophagy, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in type 2 diabetes.

[Spatial-temporal process and characteristics of vegetation recovery after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Longxi River basin of Dujiangyan, China.].

Quantitative evaluation on the vegetation recovery after the earthquake is of great scienti-fic significance for local ecological system rebuilding and regional social-economic sustainable deve-lopment. By taking the Longxi River Basin in Dujiangyan of Sichuan Province as an example, and employing the MODIS-NDVI time-series data, this paper illustrated the dynamic changes of the ve-getation cover rates in Longxi River basin before and after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake by using Landsat data, and then time-space characters of the recovery rates of the damaged vegetation was quantified structurally by referring the factors of river-system and terrain.

Myritonines A-C, Alkaloids from Myrioneuron tonkinensis Based on a Novel Hexacyclic Skeleton.

Myritonines A-C (1-3), three new alkaloids bearing an unprecedented heterohexacyclic skeleton, were isolated from Myrioneuron tonkinensis. Their structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 3 represents the first Myrioneuron alkaloid featuring a unique trans-decahydroquinoline motif and was also found to possess a rare cyano functionality.

Alkaloids with Different Carbon Units from Myrioneuron faberi.

Three new Myrioneuron alkaloids, myrifamines A-C (1-3), with unique skeletons were isolated from Myrioneuron faberi. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and the stereochemistry of the other two alkaloids was determined using a combination of ROESY experiments and calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra. Myrifamine C (3) is the first example of a symmetric dimer among the Myrioneuron alkaloids.

Cytotoxic indole alkaloids from the fruits of Melodinus cochinchinensis.

Eight indole alkaloids, melosines A-H, together with 13 known alkaloids, were isolated from the fruits of Melodinus cochinchinensis. The structure elucidation of isolated secondary metabolites was based on comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis. Melosine B showed moderate cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines, HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW480 with IC50 values ranging from 1.

Autophagy regulates insulin resistance following endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes.

Autophagy is a kind of cell biological process that maintains the cell's energy level under nutrient-poor conditions, regulates the turnover of abnormal or aged proteins, and disposes of dysfunctional organelles. The autophagy system is activated as a novel signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress)-induced insulin resistance (IR). Defective autophagy may be closely related to insulin resistance.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the connection between inflammation and autophagy in type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease. A number of studies have clearly demonstrated that cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL1β) contribute to pancreatic inflammation, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis and diabetic disease. There are findings which suggest that islet β-cells can secrete cytokines and cause inflammatory responses.

Antimicrobial Constituents of the Mature Carpels of Manglietiastrum sinicum.

Seven new compounds, including a eupodienone-type lignan (1), a dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignan (2), three tetrahydrofuran-type lignans (3-5), and two 1-phenylbutyl benzoates (6, 7), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the mature carpels of Manglietiastrum sinicum. The structures of new compounds 1-7 were defined by spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configuration of manglisin A (1) was determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1-4 exhibited moderate antimicrobial activities (MIC values: 0.

Cyclohexane-fused octahydroquinolizine alkaloids from Myrioneuron faberi with activity against hepatitis C virus.

Investigation of the alkaloids from Myrioneuron faberi, a plant unique to China, gave four pairs of enantiomers (1-4). (±)-β-Myrifabral A (1) and (±)-α-myrifabral A (2) formed an inseparable mixture of anomers (cluster A), as did (±)-β-myrifabral B (3) and (±)-α-myrifabral B (4) (cluster B). Their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction and NMR analysis.

Myrifabine, the first dimeric Myrioneuron alkaloid from Myrioneuron faberi.

One Myrioneuron alkaloid, myrifabine (1), the first example of a dimer with 12 chiral centers embraced in a decacyclic novel skeleton, was isolated from Myrioneuron faberi . Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of 1 were evaluated in vitro.

Liraglutide Improves the Survival of INS-1 Cells by Promoting Macroautophagy.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic beta cell and insulin resistance. Liraglutide, which has many special anti-diabetes biological effects, is found to inhibit beta cell death and ameliorate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) induced by free fatty acid (FFA). Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) altered by FFA is also associated with the dysfunction or death of pancreatic beta cells.

New steroids and sesquiterpene from Turraea pubescens.

Four new compounds, including three new steroids (1-3) and one new sesquiterpene (6), and two new natural products (4-5), as well as three known steroids (7-9) were isolated from the twigs of Turraea pubescens. Compounds 3-5 are C₂₂ steroids isolated from the Meliaceae family for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analyses.

A new Amaryllidaceae alkaloid from the bulbs of Lycoris radiata.

Aim: To study the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of the bulbs of Lycoris radiata.

Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, and the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. In addition, the antiviral activities of alkaloids 1-10 were evaluated using flu virus A.

Daphmacromines K-O, alkaloids from Daphniphyllum macropodum.

Five new yuzurimine-type Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphmacromines K-O (1-5), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daphniphyllum macropodum. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Daphmacromine O (5) showed moderate cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp.

Bioactive limonoid and triterpenoid constituents of Turraea pubescens.

Eleven new limonoids, turrapubins A-K (1-11), and three new triterpenoids (12-14), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated from the twigs of Turraea pubescens. The structures of 1-14 were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS analysis. Compounds 12, 16, 18, and 19 exhibited inhibitory activities against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.

Myriberine A, a new alkaloid with an unprecedented heteropentacyclic skeleton from Myrioneuron faberi.

Myriberine A (1) possessing an unprecedented carbon skeleton was isolated from Myrioneuron faberi. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallographic, and computational methods. Myriberine A (1) demonstrated inhibition against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle in vitro.

Khayseneganins A-H, limonoids from Khaya senegalensis.

Eight new limonoids, khayseneganins A-H (1-8), and 31 known limonoids were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Khaya senegalensis. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the CD exciton chirality method. Compounds 9, 10, 12, and 15 showed antimicrobial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA 92(#), and MRSA 98(#), all with a MIC value of 12.

Stratifying and tailoring HbA1c control targets for adults with Type 2 diabetes: interpretation of the consensus proposed by the Chinese Society of Endocrinology.

Glycemic control is an important goal of treatment to delay the progression of and complications associated with diabetes, but controversies exist regarding individual HbA1c control targets for different patients. With the aim of optimizing outcomes and minimizing adverse events, a preliminary consensus on HbA1c control targets for adults with Type 2 diabetes has been proposed by the Chinese Society of Endocrinology (CSE). Instead of recommending a general standard value for all patients, the CSE suggests that a relatively reasonable stratified and tailored target for individual patients should take into consideration both clinical status and social factors.