Developments and clinical experiences in collagenase chemonucleolysis for lumbar disc herniation: a narrative review.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) affects millions globally, with annual healthcare costs exceeding $100 billion in the United States alone, driving increasing interest in minimally invasive radiological interventions as treatment alternatives. This narrative review examines developments in collagenase chemonucleolysis for LDH, integrating a literature analysis with clinical experience. Key advancements include the transition from single-agent to combination therapies, exploration of diverse injection routes, and the progression from C-arm fluoroscopy to multi-slice CT guidance.

Quantum Teleportation and Dense Coding in Multiple Bosonic Reservoirs.

The effect of a reservoir on quantum communication depends on its spectral density. The efficiency of quantum teleportation and dense coding is explored when each one of the channel qubits is coupled simultaneously to multiple bosonic reservoirs. It is shown that the non-Markovianity triggered by increasing the reservoir number can induce revivals of quantum advantages of the two protocols after their disappearance.

Comparative genome anatomy reveals evolutionary insights into a unique amphitriploid fish.

Triploids are rare in nature because of difficulties in meiotic and gametogenic processes, especially in vertebrates. The Carassius complex of cyprinid teleosts contains sexual tetraploid crucian carp/goldfish (C. auratus) and unisexual hexaploid gibel carp/Prussian carp (C.

Protecting quantum correlations of the XXZ model by topological boundary conditions.

The differences between the XXZ model with topological and periodical boundary conditions were compared by studying their entanglement, quantum discord, and critical temperature above which the entanglement vanishes. It shows that the different boundary conditions mainly affect bipartite quantum correlations of the boundary spins rather than that of other spin pairs. The topological boundary spins can protect entanglement and discord against strong magnetic fields while the periodical boundary spins can protect them against nonuniform magnetic fields.

Evolution equation for quantum coherence.

The estimation of the decoherence process of an open quantum system is of both theoretical significance and experimental appealing. Practically, the decoherence can be easily estimated if the coherence evolution satisfies some simple relations. We introduce a framework for studying evolution equation of coherence.