A Google Earth-based database management for schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar.

Schistosomiasis remains a serious health problem in Africa. Although a strong, coordinated agenda for research on this disease has been in place for the last 50 years in Zanzibar, data storage, retrieval of survey data and management remain problem areas. We investigated the use of Google Earth (GE) in conjunction with a hand-held, global positioning system as a pilot project for managing schistosomiasis control.

[Assessment of schistosomiasis elimination in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province].

Objective: To assess the state of schistosomiasis elimination in 6 districts of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, so as to provide the evidence for the formulation of consolidation measures.

Methods: Three towns (streets) were selected according to the schistosomiasis epidemic degree in each district, and one village was sampled from each town. The on-site assessment was carried out between 2016 and 2017, including snail survey, population investigation and domestic animal investigation.

[ status monitoring in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2016].

To analyze the snail distribution and the changes of snail situation in Changzhou City from 2013 to 2016, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis prevention and control interventions. The data of snail monitoring in Changzhou City from 2013 to 2016 were collected and statistically analyzed. The total area with snails was 40.

[Study on differences of Ainsliaea fragrans from different sources based on UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and PCA analysis].

A rapid and accurate method of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis was established for the identification of Ainsliaea fragrans from different origins in this study. The A. fragrans from different producing areas of Jiangxi, Yunnan, Henan and Jiangsu were determined by UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS in the negative ion mode.

[Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of α-hederin sodium salt in rats].

To study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of α-hederin sodium salt in rats. 100 mg•kg⁻¹ α-hederin sodium salt was given to the rats by intragastric administration, and LC-MS/MS method was used to determine its concentration at different time in plasma and tissues. Plasma and tissue samples were treated with methanol protein deposition method.

[Analysis of imported malaria situation in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province].

Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of imported malaria in Liyang City, so as to provide the evidence for formulating appropriate control strategies and measures.

Methods: The malaria epidemic situation reports, case epidemiological investigations and the follow-up materials of counterparts returned together with the cases were collected and analyzed in Liyang City from 2007 to 2014.

Results: Totally 53 imported malaria cases were reported and they were all laboratory confirmed in Liyang City from 2007 to 2014.

[Assessment and authentication of malaria elimination in Changzhou City].

Objective: To analyze the results of assessment and authentication of malaria elimination of 7 county-level cities and districts in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and explore the suitable monitoring methods for malaria after the elimination in this region, so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting the malaria elimination strategies and measures.

Methods: The data from the network reports of malaria epidemic situation, blood examinations of febrile patients, epidemiological questionnaires of malaria cases, investigation of epidemic focuses and disposal tables were collected and analyzed in Changzhou City from 2009 to 2014. The clinicians were assessed with the closed-book written examinations for their ability of the diagnosis and treatment of malaria.

[Analysis of malaria epidemic situation in Changzhou City from 2010 to 2014].

Objective: To grasp the malaria epidemic situation in Changzhou City from 2010 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting malaria control strategies and measures.

Methods: The epidemiological data of malaria cases in the special report system from 2010 to 2014 were collected, and the malaria epidemic situation and the diagnosis and treatment of malaria patients were analyzed.

Results: There were 132 malaria cases reported in Changzhou City from 2010 to 2014, with a decrease of 27.

[Quality analysis of malaria blood smears of fever patients in Changzhou City in 2014].

Objective: To understand the quality of blood smears for detection in Changzhou City, so as to provide the technical support for malaria surveillance in the post-elimination period.

Methods: The blood smears of fever patients from each cities (districts) in Changzhou City in 2014, including more than 3% of the negatives and all the positives, were selected. The quality of the blood smear making, dyeing, cleanliness and results were reviewed by the experts from the municipal malaria microscopy station, and the data were analyzed statistically.

Ionic liquid-based ultrasound-assisted extraction and aqueous two-phase system for analysis of caffeoylquinic acids from Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.

In this work, an ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) method was developed to extract caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) from Flos Lonicerae Japonicae (FLJ). ILUAE parameters were optimized by response surface methodology, including IL concentration, ultrasonic time, and liquid-solid ratio. Optimized ILUAE approach gained the highest extraction yields of 28.

[Effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control in Changzhou City from 2004 to 2014].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control in Changzhou City in recent 10 years, so as to provide the evidences for formulating the future prevention and control strategy.

Methods: The work reports and the data of the schistosomiasis comprehensive control projects in Changzhou City from 2004 to 2014 were collected, the infection status of residents and livestock as well the snail situation were analyzed, and the implementation effect of the comprehensive control projects was evaluated.

Results: From 2004 to 2014, totally 215 368 person-times were examined, and the positive rate of the blood examinations of the population was 0.

Formulations, hemolytic and pharmacokinetic studies on saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d compound liposomes.

The aim of this study was to develop and optimise a saikosaponin a and saikosaponin d compound liposome (SSa-SSd-Lip) formulation with reduced hemolysis and enhanced bioavailability. A screening experiment was done with Plackett-Burman design, and response surface methodology of five factors (EPC/SSa-SSd ratio, EPC/Chol ratio, water temperature, pH of PBS, and ultrasound time) was employed to optimise the mean diameter, entrapment efficiency of SSa and SSd, and the reduction of hemolysis for SSa-SSd-Lip. Under the optimal process conditions (EPC/SSa-SSd ratio, EPC/Chol ratio, water temperature and pH of PBS were 26.

[Survey on status of staff for Plasmodium microscopy examinations in Changzhou City].

Objective: To understand the current state of staff for Plasmodium microscopy examinations in Changzhou City in the early stage of eliminating malaria action, so as to provide the evidence for achieving the target of malaria elimination.

Methods: The staff for Plasmodium microscopy examinations from medical institutions and centers for disease control and prevention at different levels were investigated by questionnaires and tests of the malaria related theory and microscopic operation.

Results: Totally 95 people were investigated, and among them, 40.

[Surveillance of echinococcosis in Liyang City from 2008 to 2012].

Objective: To investigate the Echinococcus infection of people and domestic animals in Liyang City, so as to provide the evidence for the establishment of control measures of echinococcosis.

Methods: The formerly confirmed cases and clue cases were investigated. The Echinococcus antibody in serum of children aged from 7 to 12 years old and adults in key towns and control towns was detected with ELISA, and the antigen in fecal samples of dogs in key towns was also detected.

[Knowledge and practice on schistosomiasis control of boatmen along Yangtze River].

Objective: To understand the knowledge and practice on schistosomiasis control of boatmen along the Yangtze River, so as to provide the evidence for making up schistosomiasis control measures for them.

Methods: In the anchor spots along the Yangtze River in Xinbei District, Changzhou City, a questionnaire survey was carried out for boatmen's knowledge and practice on schistosomiasis control. Among the boatmen of different genders, ages and education levels, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the formation rates of correct behavior were compared.

[Application of saTScan in detection of schistosomiasis clusters in marshland and lake areas].

Objective: To detect the schistosomiasis clusters in marshland and lake areas in 2008, so as to provide the reference for schistosomiasis control and the methodology for detection of cluster areas of related diseases.

Methods: SaTScan was used to detect the schistosomiasis clusters based on the spatial database from GIS and related variables, including the number of current patients and population in endemic areas.

Results: A total of 5 clusters including 39 counties (districts) were detected by SaTScan, the RRs and the Log-likelihood ratios of 3 clusters among them were over 3 and 1 000 (P < 0.

[Snail habitats detection in the marshland of Eastern Dongting Lake Area, based on China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite-02B CCD data].

Objective: To detect the snail habitats from the marshland of Eastern Dongting Lake Area, using the Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology based on the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite-02B (CBERS-02B) CCD images.

Methods: According to the two typical traits of snail habitats in marshland including "water in summer and land in winter" and "no grass, no snails", the "water in summer and land in winter" region and the vegetation coverage region were calculated by RS image processing respectively. The two regions mentioned above were then overlapped to confirm the snail habitats through comparing with the data from field survey under spatial overlapping of Arcgis as the last step.

[Spatial characteristic of distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in mountainous regions].

Objective: To analyze the spatial characteristic on the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis in mountainous regions.

Methods: Based on the geographic database of snail distribution in Puge county, Sichuan province, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial scan statistics were applied to analyze the spatial characteristic of snail distribution.

Results: With regard to the rate of frame with snails, the global Moran's I indicator was 0.

[Clinical and laboratory criteria for identification of early-onset stroke associated pneumonia: a prospective trial].

Objective: To investigate the significance of first determined contents of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (sTREM-1) and the clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) in the detection of early-onset pneumonia (EOP) developed in patients suffering from stroke.

Methods: From June 2009 to June 2010, 244 stroke patients admitted to the emergency intensive care unit (EICU) in Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital were included in this prospective study. Patients were excluded if they were discharged or died in 24 hours of admission, or pneumonia was diagnosed at the admission.

[Integrated detection and analysis on the clusters of schistosomiasis based on geographic information system].

Objective: To detect and analyze the clusters of schistosomiasis on marshland and lake areas based on geographic information system (GIS) in 2008 and to provide suggestions for the development of integrated methodology on the detection of clusters on related diseases.

Methods: Moran's I of global spatial autocorrelation, Getis-Ord Gi of local spatial autocorrelation and SaTScan were used to detect the schistosomiasis clusters based on GIS and comparison of the results for different methods were performed.

Results: Results from the global Moran's I tests for all the marshland and lake areas related to the schistosomiasis were statistically significant (P < 0.

[Impact of the changing water level on the variance of Oncomelania hupensis populations in Lake Area with general additive model].

Objective: To explore the impact and regularity of snail population after changing of water level and to develop effective control and prediction programs.

Methods: A typical snail habitat closed to Changjiang county in Yueyang city, Hunan province was selected as the survey field. Data on water level and the changing trend of snail population during 2001 - 2009 including the average water level, maximum and minimum water levels, snail and infected snail densities, proportion of sampling frames with living and infected snails etc.