Shaping classroom social experiences through collaborative small-group discussions.

Background: Students form interpersonal and intrapersonal classroom social experiences with peers. While diverse intervention programmes have been developed, few have integrated social-emotional learning into academic activities to maximize the potential for learning and development.

Aims: This study examined the effects of collaborative small-group discussions on students' classroom social experiences at the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels.

Teacher Scaffolding of Social and Intellectual Collaboration in Small Groups: A Comparative Case Study.

This comparative case study features two small groups of students engaging in collaborative dialog about social issues. Based on social constructivist theories, the two groups were compared across three major components of the small groups system: social dynamics, intellectual collaboration, and teacher scaffolding. Our goal was to holistically analyze these small group processes to understand why some small groups were highly successful while others were not, even within the same intervention and with the same teacher.

Arabinose-induction of lac-derived promoter systems for penicillin acylase production in Escherichia coli.

Arabinose was shown to serve as an effective inducer for induction of the lac-derived promoters in Escherichia coli using penicillin acylase (PAC) as a model protein. Upon the induction with a conventional inducer, isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), for pac overexpression, which is regulated by the trc or (DE3)/T7 promoter, the production of PAC was limited by the accumulation of PAC precursors (proPAC) as inclusion bodies. Negative cellular responses, such as growth inhibition and cell lysis, were frequently observed, resulting in a low pac expression level and poor culture performance.

Cytoplasmic overexpression, folding, and processing of penicillin acylase precursor in Escherichia coli.

Penicillin acylase (PAC) precursor, proPAC, was overproduced in a soluble or insoluble form in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli through the expression of the leader-less pac gene (ll-pac) devoid of the coding region for the signal peptide of PAC. Also, a portion of the overexpressed proPAC was further processed to form mature PAC, indicating that the posttranslational processing steps for PAC maturation can occur in both the periplasm and the cytoplasm of E. coli.

Chaperone-mediated folding and maturation of the penicillin acylase precursor in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli.

Expression of the leaderless pac gene (LL pac), which lacks the coding region for the signal peptide of penicillin acylase (PAC), in Escherichia coli was conducted. It was demonstrated that the PAC precursor, proPAC, can be produced and even processed to form mature PAC in the cytoplasm, indicating that the posttranslational processing steps for PAC maturation can occur in both the periplasm and the cytoplasm of E. coli.