Selection of solvent for extraction of antioxidant components from , , and roots.

In east Asia, "Baishouwu" has been used as an herbal drug and functional dietary supplement for hundreds of years. Actually, "Baishouwu" is the common name of the roots of , , and . In the present study, roots of these three specie were extracted and then fractionated using petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and water.

Photoinduced reactions of bicycloalkylidenes with isatin and isoquinolinetrione.

Photoinduced reactions of isatin and N-methyl-1,3,4-isoquinolinetrione with bicycloalkylidenes such as bicyclopropylidene, cyclopropylidenecyclobutane, cyclopropylidenecyclohexane and bicyclohexylidene were investigated. The reactions gave spirooxetanes as the major products derived from the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition pathway via 1,4-biradical recombination. Unusual products including the [4 + 2 + 2] cycloadducts, the oxoisochroman derivatives and other ring-rearranged products were derived from competitive pathways via 1,6-biradical recombination.

Apigenin accelerates lipopolysaccharide induced apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells through suppressing vitamin D receptor expression.

Background: Transplantation of mensenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a promising way for tissue engineering. However, the application of MSCs for transplantation will undergo apoptosis due to the extremely harsh microenvironment such as excessive inflammation. Apigenin (API) has been reported to protect cells against inflammatory damage and cell death by exhibiting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capacity.