The influence on surface characteristic and biocompatibility of nano-SnO-modified titanium implant material using atomic layer deposition technique.

Background/purpose: To investigate the surface characteristics of titanium (Ti) implant materials, which were coated with different thicknesses of nanoscale tin oxide (SnO) using the atomic layer deposition technique, and evaluated its biological performance on human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells.

Methods: The thickness of the coating layer on Ti was 0 (Ti0), 20 nm (Ti20), 50 nm (Ti50), and 100 nm (Ti100), respectively. The surface morphology was observed with an SEM and AFM.

Melatonin exerts anti-fibrinolytic effects by regulating IL-1β-induced changes in uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 expression/production in human dental pulp cells.

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine and its expression is increased in inflamed dental pulp. IL-1β affects plasminogen activation system molecules, which are crucial for tissue inflammation, fibrinolysis, matrix turnover, and cell adhesion and migration. Melatonin, which provides circadian and seasonal signals, is a physiological endocrine generated by the pineal gland.

The effects of low-dose 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate on apoptosis and survival in human dental pulp cells.

Background/purpose: 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is one of the most major components in dentin bonding systems. Uncured HEMA is eluted through the dentin and harmful to pulp cells. The study aimed to investigate the death pattern, morphological change and factors of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured with low-dose HEMA.

Antiplatelet, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroquinone.

Platelets play crucial roles in thrombosis and hemostasis through platelet activation and aggregation that are crucial in cardiovascular diseases. Hydroquinone (HQ) and its derivatives are present in many dermatological creams, paints, motor fuels, air, microorganisms, and plant products like wheat bread, fruit, coffee, and red wine. The effect of HQ on humans is not clear.

Prostaglandin E2 Stimulates EP2, Adenylate Cyclase, Phospholipase C, and Intracellular Calcium Release to Mediate Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Production in Dental Pulp Cells.

Introduction: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a crucial role in pulpal inflammation and repair. However, its induction of signal transduction pathways is not clear but is crucial for future control of pulpal inflammation.

Methods: Primary dental pulp cells were exposed to PGE2 and 19R-OH PGE2 (EP2 agonist) or sulprostone (EP1/EP3 agonist) for 5 to 40 minutes.

Effects of Camphorquinone on Cytotoxicity, Cell Cycle Regulation and Prostaglandin E2 Production of Dental Pulp Cells: Role of ROS, ATM/Chk2, MEK/ERK and Hemeoxygenase-1.

Camphorquinone (CQ) is a popularly-used photosensitizer in composite resin restoration. In this study, the effects of CQ on cytotoxicity and inflammation-related genes and proteins expression of pulp cells were investigated. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ATM/Chk2/p53 and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and MEK/ERK signaling was also evaluated.

IL-1β-induced MCP-1 expression and secretion of human dental pulp cells is related to TAK1, MEK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Objective: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an inflammatory molecule of the dental pulp. IL-1β stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins production of pulp cells and affects the pulpal inflammation and repair. However, the effects of IL-1β on Monocyte Chemotactic Factor-1 (MCP-1) of dental pulp cells and its relation to transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), PI3K/Akt, and MEK/ERK signaling and COX activation are not fully clear.

The effect of implant design and bone quality on insertion torque, resonance frequency analysis, and insertion energy during implant placement in low or low- to medium-density bone.

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of implant design and bone quality on insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ), and insertion energy (IE) by monitoring the continuous change in IT and ISQ while implants were inserted in artificial bone blocks that simulate bone of poor or poor-to-medium quality.

Materials And Methods: Polyurethane foam blocks (Sawbones) of 0.16 g/cm³ and 0.

Comparison of clinical parameters and environmental noise levels between regular surgery and piezosurgery for extraction of impacted third molars.

Background/purpose: Impacted third molars can be extracted by regular surgery or piezosurgery. The aim of this study was to compare clinical parameters and device-produced noise levels between regular surgery and piezosurgery for the extraction of impacted third molars.

Methods: Twenty patients (18 women and 2 men, 17-29 years of age) with bilateral symmetrical impacted mandibular or maxillary third molars of the same level were included in this randomized crossover clinical trial.

Simvastatin suppresses osteoblastic expression of Cyr61 and progression of apical periodontitis through enhancement of the transcription factor Forkhead/winged helix box protein O3a.

Introduction: In this study, the role of transcription factor Forkhead/winged helix box protein O3a (FoxO3a) in Cyr61 expression and its modulation by simvastatin were investigated in cultured murine osteoblasts and a rat model of induced apical periodontitis. We also examined the effects of simvastatin on the synthesis of chemokine CCL2 and chemotaxis of macrophages in vitro.

Methods: We assessed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated expression of Cyr61 and phosphorylated inactive FoxO3a (p-FoxO3a) in MC3T3-E1 murine osteoblasts by Western analysis.

Monomer conversion and cytotoxicity of dental composites irradiated with different modes of photoactivated curing.

The aim of the study was to compare the monomer conversion and cytotoxicity of two resin composites, Tetric Ceram (TC) and Heliomolar (HM), irradiated with a halogen light-curing unit (Optilux 501) using a number of curing modes, boost (OB), ramp (OR), and conventional (OC), as well as a light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit (LEDemetron; LEDe). The effects of irradiation times (10, 20, 30, and 40 s) were also investigated. The monomer conversion of resin composites was measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis.

Effects on microstrain and conversion of flowable resin composite using different curing modes and units.

The flowable resin composite, Tetric Flow, was used to measure microstrain and degree of conversion after hardening with each of three curing machines: XL3000(XL) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s; Optilux 501 using conventional mode (OC) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s, as well as Optilux boost (OB, 10 s) and ramp modes (OR, 20 s); and LEDemetron (LEDe) for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. The emitted power density and spectral distribution of the three light curing units were also measured. The LEDe output energy spectrum was centralized between 425 and 490 nm, which encompasses the excited wavelength of camphorquinone.

Intrusion and reversal of a free-standing natural tooth bounded by two implant-supported prostheses: a clinical report.

Although intrusion of natural tooth abutments in tooth-implant connected fixed prostheses has been reported, it can also occur to a free-standing natural tooth bounded by implant prostheses. For the patient described in this article, intrusion was noted with a natural tooth bounded by 2 implant-supported prostheses 5 months after insertion of the prostheses. The intrusion was reversed completely after 5 months with appropriate management.

The role of lipopolysaccharide in infectious bone resorption of periapical lesion.

Background: The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in periapical lesion-induced bone resorption was investigated. Polymyxin B (PMB), a specific inhibitor of LPS, was evaluated to treat the apical lesion.

Methods: Lipopolysaccharide isolated from two common endodontic pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas endodontalis, stimulated mouse macrophage (J774) to release interleukin-1alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a time-dependent manner.

Nitric oxide promotes infectious bone resorption by enhancing cytokine-stimulated interstitial collagenase synthesis in osteoblasts.

This experiment was undertaken to determine the role of macrophage-derived nitric oxide (NO) in mediating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone resorption by using an in vitro co-culture system and an in vivo model of infectious bone resorption. Our results demonstrated that LPS stimulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a mRNAs and nitrite synthesis in the J774 mouse macrophage cell line but not in the UMR-106 (rat) and MC3T3-E1 (mouse) osteoblast cell lines. Conditioned media (CM) from LPS-stimulated J774 triggered only low to moderate levels of iNOS mRNAs in MC3T3-E1 and a trivial effect in UMR-106.