The cGAS-STING pathway connects mitochondrial damage to inflammation in burn-induced acute lung injury in rat.

Objective: Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are pathological mediators linking local tissue damage to systemic inflammation in various diseases. Some DAMPs, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), can be recognized by the cytoplasmic cGAS protein to trigger the activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent innate immune pathway responsible for infection or sterile inflammation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between circulating mtDNA and cGAS-STING pathway activation in mediating inflammation following burn injury.

Muscle Homeostasis Is Disrupted in Burned Adults.

Severe burn leads to substantial skeletal muscle wasting that is associated with adverse outcomes and protracted recovery. The purpose of our study was to investigate muscle tissue homeostasis in response to severe burn. Muscle biopsies from the right m.

Tau Is Elevated in Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Neurologic injury is a known and feared complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Neurologic biomarkers may have a role in assisting in early identification of such. Axonal biomarker tau has not been investigated in the pediatric ECMO population.

Optimization of low-abundance protein extraction and abundant protein removal from defatted soybean meal.

The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for the extraction of low-abundance proteins (LAPs) and the removal of abundant proteins (APs; β-conglycinin and glycinin) from soybean meal. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to determine the effects of four factors (isopropanol concentration, total extraction time, ultrasonic power, and ultrasonic time) on protein concentration in isopropanol extracts. Proteins in the isopropanol supernatant and the cold acetone precipitate of isopropanol were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).

Three-dimensional culture system can induce expression of casein in immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells.

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) are not ideal models for long-term studies of lactation mechanisms because these cells in a monolayer culture system cannot be polarized to simulate the physiological functions in vitro. We investigate the effects of different culture models and karyotypes on casein expression in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system. The immortalized cells' karyotypes were analyzed at passages 10, 20, 30 and 40 to detect the effects of chromosome stability.

Establishment of primary bovine intestinal epithelial cell culture and clone method.

The aim of this study was to establish bovine intestinal epithelial cell (BIEC) line and provide a novel clone cell method. Although various strategies of bovine cell culture and clone techniques have been reported, these methods remain not established. Here, we culture successfully primary BIECs and establish a novel clone cell method.

Adult obese mice suffer from chronic secondary brain injury after mild TBI.

Background: A traumatic brain injury (TBI) event is a devastating injury to the brain that may result in heightened inflammation, neurodegeneration, and subsequent cognitive and mood deficits. TBI victims with co-morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, or obesity may be more vulnerable to the secondary brain injury that follows the initial insult. Compared to lean individuals, obese subjects tend to have worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates after trauma.

Severe burn increased skeletal muscle loss in mdx mutant mice.

Background: Severe burn causes muscle mass loss and atrophy. The balance between muscle cell death and growth maintains tissue homeostasis. We hypothesize that preexisting cellular structural defects will exacerbate skeletal muscle mass loss after burn.

Effects of exercise on soleus in severe burn and muscle disuse atrophy.

Background: Muscle loss is a sequela of severe burn and critical illness with bed rest contributing significantly to atrophy. We hypothesize that exercise will mitigate muscle loss after burn with bed rest.

Materials And Methods: Male rats were assigned to sham ambulatory (S/A), burn ambulatory (B/A), sham hindlimb unloading (S/H), or burn hindlimb unloading (B/H).

Serum Levels of Neurofilament-H are Elevated in Patients Suffering From Severe Burns.

In previous studies, after injury, burn patients experienced an increase in neuro-inflammation, edema, and neuronal cell death. As demonstrated in other brain injury models, fluid-based biomarkers such as phosphorylated neurofilament-H (pNFL-H) have been shown to correlate with injury severity. In this study the authors hypothesized that burn-injured patients have an increase in pNFL-H in the blood during the acute and chronic time-points after injury.

Hypertonic HBOC-201 decreases neutrophil activation after hemorrhagic shock.

Objective: To evaluate neutrophil activation after exposure to standard HBC-201 (suspended in lactate Ringer's solution) versus HBOC-201 suspended in hypertonic 7.5% saline solution.

Methods: We use plasma and tissue obtained from pigs subjected to controlled hemorrhagic shock and an ex vivo model of stimulated human whole blood.

A TREM-1 Polymorphism A/T within the Exon 2 Is Associated with Pneumonia in Burn-Injured Patients.

Background. The triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells (TREM-1) is a key mediator in the activation of the local inflammatory response during lung infections. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a functionally relevant TREM-1 single nucleotide polymorphism within the exon 2 (A→T) on the development of pneumonia in burn patients.

Examination with next-generation sequencing technology of the bacterial microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage samples after traumatic injury.

Background: We examined the microbiota of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to determine whether its results correlate with those of standard culture methods or affect patient outcome or both.

Methods: We collected BAL samples in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) as part of the standard of care for intubated individuals who had a Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS)≥6 points. A portion of the BAL fluid was sequenced for the 16S region of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) with the Roche 454 FLX Titanium sequencer.

Resveratrol decreases inflammation in the brain of mice with mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Following a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) event, the secondary brain injury that persists after the initial blow to the head consists of excitotoxicity, decreased cerebral glucose levels, oxidant injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. To date, there are no effective interventions used at decreasing secondary brain injury after mild TBI.

Methods: In this study, male mice were treated with either placebo or resveratrol (100 mg/kg) at 5 minutes and 12 hours after mild TBI.

[Recession of both horizontal rectus muscles in Duane Retraction Syndrome with significant globe retraction].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Recession of both horizontal rectus muscles in Duane Retraction Syndrome with significant globe retraction.

Methods: Sixteen cases with DRS were summarized retrospectively. All patients had undergone surgery with recession of both horizontal rectus muscles.

Estrone is neuroprotective in rats after traumatic brain injury.

In various animal and human studies, early administration of 17β-estradiol, a strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agent, significantly decreases the severity of injury in the brain associated with cell death. Estrone, the predominant estrogen in postmenopausal women, has been shown to be a promising neuroprotective agent. The overall goal of this project was to determine if estrone mitigates secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.

IL-10 polymorphism associated with decreased risk for mortality after burn injury.

Objective: Evaluation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interleukin-10 promoter (-592 and -819) on risk for death after burn injury.

Methods: Association between the IL-10 SNPs and outcome after burn injury was evaluated in a cohort of 265 patients from Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX with ≥ 15% TBSA burns without non-burn trauma (ISS ≤ 16), traumatic or anoxic brain injury or spinal cord injury, who survived >48 h under an IRB-approved protocol. Clinical data were collected prospectively and genotyping was conducted by TaqMan assay.