- Invited Review - Understanding the functionality of the rumen microbiota: searching for better opportunities for rumen microbial manipulation.

Rumen microbiota play a central role in the digestive process of ruminants. Their remarkable ability to break down complex plant fibers and proteins, converting them into essential organic compounds that provide animals with energy and nutrition. Research on rumen microbiota not only contributes to improving animal production performance and enhancing feed utilization efficiency but also holds the potential to reduce methane emissions and environmental impact.

Dynamic fecal microenvironment properties enable predictions and understanding of peripartum blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids in dairy cows.

The transition period in dairy cows is a critical stage and peripartum oxidative status, negative energy balance (NEB), and inflammation are highly prevalent. Fecal microbial metabolism is closely associated with blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels. Here, we investigated dynamic changes in total oxidative status markers and NEFA in blood, fecal microbiome, and metabolome of 30 dairy cows during transition (-21, -7, +7, +21 d relative to calving).

[Comparison of postoperative deglutition disorder in patients with laryngeal carcinoma after different types of supracricoid partial laryngectomy].

Objective: To Evaluate the incidence rates and extents of deglutition disorder in patients with laryngeal carcinoma after different types of supracricoid partial laryngectomy.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of postoperative deglutition disorder in patients with laryngeal carcinoma after different types of supracricoid partial laryngectomy treated in our department from 2005 to 2009. The extents of postoperative deglutition disorder were evaluated using a homemade quantitative score table at 5-20 days postoperation.

[Expression of c-fos and NR2A in auditory cortex of rats experienced tinnitus].

Objective: To investigate the plasticity and the role of plasticity in the auditory cortex of rats which experienced tinnitus by screening the plasticity markers immediately early gene c-fos and the NMDA receptor's subtype NR2A.

Methods: Thirty white Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: sodium salicylate group (n = 12), physiological saline group (n = 12) and normal control group (n = 6). Tinnitus were induced by salicylate administration and tested by behavioral conditioning studies, and then immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of c-fos and NR2A in the auditory cortex of each group.