Correction to: Individualized home-based exercise and nutrition interventions improve frailty in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that an abbreviation was incorrect in the original article.

Individualized home-based exercise and nutrition interventions improve frailty in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Frail older adults are predisposed to multiple comorbidities and adverse events. Recent interventional studies have shown that frailty can be improved and managed. In this study, effective individualized home-based exercise and nutrition interventions were developed for reducing frailty in older adults.

Practice Variability Combined with Task-Oriented Electromyographic Biofeedback Enhances Strength and Balance in People with Chronic Stroke.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of practice variability combined with task-oriented electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBFB) on strength and balance in people with chronic stroke.

Methods: Thirty-three participants were randomly assigned into the constant force EMGBFB tibialis anterior (TA) exercise (constant) group, the variable force EMGBFB tibialis anterior exercise (variable) group, or the upper extremity exercise without EMGBFB (control) group. Subjects in each group received 6 weekly sessions of exercise training (18 sessions, 40 minutes each).

Concurrent and convergent validity of the mobility- and multidimensional-hierarchical disability categorization models with physical performance in community older adults.

A valid, time-efficient and easy-to-use instrument is important for busy clinical settings, large scale surveys, or community screening use. The purpose of this study was to validate the mobility hierarchical disability categorization model (an abbreviated model) by investigating its concurrent validity with the multidimensional hierarchical disability categorization model (a comprehensive model) and triangulating both models with physical performance measures in older adults. 604 community-dwelling older adults of at least 60 years in age volunteered to participate.

Effect of a cane on sit-to-stand transfer in subjects with hemiparesis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using a cane on movement time, joint moment, weight symmetry, and muscle activation patterns during sit-to-stand (STS) transfer in healthy subjects and subjects who have had a stroke.

Design: Nine subjects with hemiparesis (mean [SD] age, 61.11 [12.

Effects of fall injury type and discharge placement on mortality, hospitalization, falls, and ADL changes among older people in Taiwan.

A longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the effects of injury type and discharge placement on mortality, falls, hospital admissions, and changes in activities of daily living (ADLs) over a 12-month period among older fallers. Of 762 community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older who visited an emergency department (ED) of a general hospital in Taiwan due to a fall, 273 sustained a hip fracture, 157 had a vertebral fracture, 47 had a distal forearm fracture, 102 had a traumatic brain injury, and 183 had soft-tissue injuries. Results showed that, compared to patients with a soft-tissue injury, those with TBI had significantly higher risks of dying (rate ratio (RR)=3.

Low-intensity task-oriented exercise for ambulation-challenged residents in long-term care facilities: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a task-oriented ambulation training program in regaining walking, balance, and activity of daily living performance for ambulation-challenged residents with walking potential in long-term care facilities.

Design: Fifty ambulation-challenged residents with walking potential were randomly assigned to an individualized task-oriented ambulation training group (30-45 mins, three times a week) or a routine nursing care control group for 4 wks. Each subject was evaluated by a blind evaluator before and after training.

Dosage of neuromuscular electrical stimulation: is it a determinant of upper limb functional improvement in stroke patients?

Objective: To investigate the predictors related to upper extremity functional recovery, with special emphasis on neuromuscular electrical stimulation dose-response in patients after stroke.

Subjects: Ninety-five patients with stroke who received a 4-week neuromuscular electrical stimulation intervention.

Design: Prospective predictive analysis.

Self-reported mobility and instrumental activities of daily living: test-retest reliability and criterion validity.

To determine the test-retest reliability and criterion validity of self-reported function in mobility and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older adults, a convenience sample of 70 subjects (72.9 ± 6.6 yr, 34 male) was split into able and disabled groups based on baseline assessment and into consistently able, consistently disabled, and inconsistent based on repeat assessments over 2 weeks.

Effects of virtual reality-augmented balance training on sensory organization and attentional demand for postural control in people with Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: There is a lack of studies related to virtual reality (VR)-augmented balance training on postural control in people with Parkinson disease (PD).

Objective: The purposes of this study were: (1) to examine the effects of VR-augmented balance training on the sensory integration of postural control under varying attentional demands and (2) to compare the results with those of a conventional balance training (CB) group and an untrained control group.

Design: A longitudinal, randomized controlled trial was used.

Dose-response relation between neuromuscular electrical stimulation and upper-extremity function in patients with stroke.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of different doses of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on upper-extremity function in acute stroke patients with severe motor deficit.

Methods: Sixty-six acute stroke patients were randomized to 3 groups: high NMES, low NMES, or control. The low-NMES group received 30 minutes of stimulation per day, and the high-NMES group received 60 minutes per day, for 4 weeks.

Early and intensive rehabilitation predicts good functional outcomes in patients admitted to the stroke intensive care unit.

Purpose: Earlier and more intense rehabilitation benefit stroke patients. Yet, studies have caution intensive therapy during acute brain injury. This study examined the rehabilitation commencement time and intensity as predictors of functional outcomes in acute stroke patients admitted to the stroke intensive care unit (ICU).

Mobility-related performance tests to predict mobility disability at 2-year follow-up in community-dwelling older adults.

The purpose of this study is to examine the predictive validity of seven mobility-related performance tests to identify and predict older adults' mobility disability status after a 2-year period. Among the 287 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the baseline assessment (physical disability status and seven performance tests), those who reported no mobility disability (n=192) at baseline assessment were followed up at 2 years. A total of 120 participants returned for the follow-up assessment 2 years later, and those without missing data (n=109) were used in the final analysis.

Immediate effect of lateral-wedged insole on stance and ambulation after stroke.

Objective: To perform kinematic and kinetic analyses on the static standing and ambulation in subjects after stroke with and without wearing a 5-degree lateral-wedged insole.

Design: Ten hemiparetic individuals with unilateral stroke were recruited. Participants performed quiet stance and ambulation with no insole wedge, paretic side wedged, and nonparetic side wedged in a random order.

A comparison of psychometric properties of the smart balance master system and the postural assessment scale for stroke in people who have had mild stroke.

Objective: To compare the psychometric properties (including the test-retest reliability, responsiveness, and predictive validity) of the Smart Balance Master (SBM) system and the Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke patients (PASS) in patients with mild stroke.

Design: One repeated-measures design (at a 2-wk interval) was used to examine the test-retest reliability of the SBM and PASS, and another similar design was applied to investigate their responsiveness. Patients who participated in the responsiveness study were followed up approximately 1 year later, and the predictive validity of the SBM system and PASS were examined by assessing the patients' comprehensive activities of daily living (ADL) function.

Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people.

Objectives: To compare the practicality, reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the timed up and go (TUG), one-leg stand (OLS), functional reach (FR), and Tinetti balance (TB) performance measures in people aged 65 and older.

Design: A prospective study.

Setting: Shin-Sher Township of Taichung County, west-central Taiwan.

Functional independence of residents in urban and rural long-term care facilities in Taiwan.

Purpose: To compare the score of functional independence measure (FIM) between urban and rural residents living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Taiwan.

Methods: A total of 437 subjects in 112 licensed LTCF in Taiwan were randomly selected by stratification strategy. Physical therapists interviewed the subjects in nursing homes (NH) and intermediate care facilities (ICF) to obtain the basic data, and the FIM score.