Insights into the binding mode and functional components of the analgesic-antitumour peptide from Karsch to human voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 based on dynamic simulation analysis.

Voltage-gated sodium (Na) channels are transmembrane proteins composed of four homologous domains (DI-DIV) that play important roles in membrane excitability in neurons and muscles. Analgesic-antitumour peptide (AGAP) is a neurotoxin from the scorpion Karsch, and has been shown to exert analgesic effect by binding on site 4 of human Na1.7 (hNa1.

The Effects of Chloride Additives on Adsorption of Heavy Metals during Incineration.

The dynamic adsorption behaviors and characteristics of heavy metals on a sorbent at different temperatures have been investigated in a previous study by the same authors. The present work focuses on the dynamic adsorption behaviors of Cr, Cu, Pb, and Cd on a sorbent (silica sand with limestone) under various chloride additive conditions (no chloride; an organic chloride, polyvinyl chloride [PVC]; and an inorganic chloride, sodium chloride [NaCl]), and estimates the adsorption saturation point of the sorbent during fluid-ized-bed incineration. The results will enable us to evaluate the effects of various chloride additives on the adsorption efficiency of heavy metals and to determine when the sor-bents should be renewed.