High-intensity ultrasound modified the functional properties of Neosalanx taihuensis myofibrillar protein and improved its emulsion stability.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity ultrasound treatment on the functional properties and emulsion stability of Neosalanx taihuensis myofibrillar protein (MP). The results showed that the carbonyl groups, emulsification properties, intrinsic fluorescence intensity, and surface hydrophobicity of the ultrasound treated MP solution were increased compared to the MP without ultrasound treatment. The results of secondary structure showed that the ultrasound treatment could cause a huge increase of β-sheet and a decline of α-helix of MP, indicating that ultrasound induced molecular unfolding and stretching.

Antimicrobial mechanism of alkyl gallates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and its combined effect with electrospun nanofibers on Chinese Taihu icefish preservation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and potential mechanism of alkyl gallates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results show that the length of the alkyl chain plays a pivotal role in eliciting the activity and octyl gallate (OG) exerted excellent bactericidal activity through a multiple bactericidal mechanism. OG functions against both bacteria through damaging bacterial cell wall integrity, permeating into cells and then interacting with DNA, as well as disturbing the activity of the respiratory electron transport chain to induce a high-level toxic ROS (hydroxyl radicals) generation and up-regulation of the ROS genes.

Switchable polarization-multiplexed super-oscillatory metasurfaces for achromatic sub-diffraction focusing.

Super-oscillation phenomenon has attracted considerable interests due to its great ability of far-field super-resolution imaging. However, most super-oscillatory lenses were limited by chromatic aberration and single functionality, hence deeply restricting the flexibility of the super-oscillatory devices in practical applications. Here, an achromatic polarization-multiplexed super-oscillatory metasurface has been proposed to realize flexible light field modulations at different colors, i.

Antinociceptive effects of fucoidan in rat models of vincristine-induced neuropathic pain.

Chemotherapeutic drugs commonly induce peripheral neuropathic pain, which limit their clinic use. In the present study, the effect of fucoidan on the development of vincristine‑induced neuropathic pain was evaluated and the underlying mechanism was examined. A neuropathy model was established in Sprague‑Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of vincristine sulfate 50 µg/kg once a day for 10 consecutive days.

A new bioactive diterpenoid from pestalotiopsis adusta, an endophytic fungus from clerodendrum canescens.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the culture extract of Pestalotiopsis adusta, an endophytic fungus isolated from the medicinal plant Clerodendrum canescens, led to the isolation of one new, (10S)-12,16-epoxy-17(15→16)-abeo-3,5,8,12,15-abietapentaen-2,7,11,14-tetraone (1), and four known diterpenoids, teuvincenone F (2), uncinatone (3), coleon U (4), coleon U-12-methyl ether (5). These structures were identified by using spectroscopic methods, including UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. This is the first report of these compounds being isolated from a Pestalotiopsis species.

The mechanisms of EGFR in the regulation of axon regeneration.

To understand the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and axon regeneration and the mechanisms of how EGFR regulates the neuronal intrinsic regenerative ability, we evaluated the levels of mRNA and protein of EGFR、total mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR(Ser2448) , total Akt and p-Akt(Ser473) in rats of different developmental stage by using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Axon protein tau and neuron proteins β-tubulin/neurofilament (NF) were assessed to evaluate the extent of the axon regeneration in cultured neuron cells. Expressions of EGFR、total mTOR, p-mTOR(Ser2448) , total Akt and p-Akt(Ser473) in cultured neuron cells were also detected using Western blot analysis.

A new rearranged abietane diterpenoid from Clerodendrum kaichianum Hsu.

A new abietane diterpenoid, (3S,16R)-12,16-epoxy-3,6,11,14,17-pentahydroxy-17(15 → 16)-abeo-5,8,11,13-abietatetraen-7-one (1), was isolated from the stems of Clerodendrum kaichianum Hsu, together with four known diterpenoids. The structures of the isolated compounds were assigned on the basis of their NMR spectra including 2D NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments, and were compared with those of the literature data. This new compound showed significant cytotoxicity against the HL-60 and A-549 tumor cell lines.