Tomentosin suppressed M1 polarization via increasing MERTK activation mediated by regulation of GAS6.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder (X. sibiricum) are widely used traditional herbal medicines for arthritis treatment in China. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by progressive destructions of joints, which is accompanied by chronic, progressive inflammatory disorder.

MicroRNA-143-3p ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis by polarizing naive CD4 T cells into Treg cells.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent and systemic autoimmunity disease. The abnormal differentiation of Treg cells is important in pathogenesis. Despite previous studies showed that microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) are pivotal modulators of Treg cells, the effect of miRNAs on Treg cell differentiation and function is not clear.

saponins (PNS) attenuate Th17 cell differentiation in CIA mice via inhibition of nuclear PKM2-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation.

Context: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with aberrant Th17 cell differentiation. (Burk.) F.

Triptolide inhibits Th17 differentiation via controlling PKM2-mediated glycolysis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Context: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with the aberrant differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme of glycolysis, was associated with Th17 cell differentiation.

Aim: To investigate the potential therapeutic effects of triptolide (TP) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and Th17 cell differentiation, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

MicroRNA-26b-5p alleviates murine collagen-induced arthritis by modulating Th17 cell plasticity.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and the abnormal differentiation of IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells is an important factor in the pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) act as key regulators of Th17 cells. However, the effects of miRNAs on Th17 cell differentiation and plasticity in RA are not clear.

Th17 cell pathogenicity and plasticity in rheumatoid arthritis.

CD4 Th cells play an important role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by regulating adaptive immune response. As major subsets of CD4 Th cells, Th17 cells can produce a large number of hallmark cytokines such as IL-17A and IL-17F, which participate in host defense and immune homeostasis. However, increasing researches have shown that Th17 cells are unstable and exhibit a certain degree of plasticity, which aggravates their pathogenicity.