Gut microbiota compositions in the carriers and noncarriers of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli: A study among children in southern Taiwan.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance, particularly in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli (E. coli), poses major global health challenges and has various clinical implications. Researchers have explored the relationship between extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E.

Risks of Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: A TriNetX based cohort study.

Background: The associations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remain unclear. Few large-scale studies have estimated the cumulative incidence of MIS-C and KD after COVID-19 in children.

Methods: Data were obtained from TriNetX.

Recommendations and guidance for herpes zoster vaccination for adults in Taiwan.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful, vesicular, cutaneous eruption from reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV), which can lead to potentially debilitating complications. The lifetime risk of HZ is estimated to be 20%-30% in the general population, with an increased risk in the elderly and immunocompromised populations. The most effective strategy to prevent HZ and its complications is by vaccination.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of cell-based versus egg-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines in the pediatric population in Taiwan.

Cell-based influenza vaccines avoid egg-adaptive mutations, potentially improving vaccine effectiveness. We assessed the one-season cost-effectiveness of cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) against that of egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVe) in children (6 months to 17 years of age) from payer and societal perspectives in Taiwan using an age-stratified static model. Base case and high egg adaptation scenarios were assessed.

Characterization of young infants with fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in Southern Taiwan.

Background: The accelerating prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and multidrug-resistance (MDR) Escherichia coli(E. coli) become a public health challenge worldwide. This study aimed to discuss the prevalence of drug-resistant E.

Geographic distribution of the major clone of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infection in a pediatric community in southern Taiwan.

Background: The geographic distribution of the major clone of sequence type 131 (ST131) in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections is not known. We analyzed the clinical features, resistance mechanisms, and geographic distribution of ESBL-producing E.

Nontyphoidal Infection Associated with Subsequent Risk of Hematological Malignancies: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS) and new-onset hematological malignancy. We conducted a 17-year nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study to examine the association between NTS and the risk of hematological malignancies by using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) of Taiwan. Participants were enrolled from 2000 to 2015 and were monitored until 2017.

Distribution and Genomic Characterization of Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolated from a Single Family and Home Environment: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study.

Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (CREC), particularly strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), are a global concern. Our study aims to longitudinally assemble the genomic characteristics of CREC isolates from fecal samples from an index patient with recurrent CREC-related urinary tract infections and his family and swabs from his home environment 12 times between 2019 and 2021 to investigate the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes. CREC identified using the VITEK 2 were subjected to nanopore whole-genome sequencing (WGS).

Prevalence and household risk factors for fecal carriage of ESBL-producing, sequence type 131, and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli among children in southern Taiwan.

Background: The rapidly increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a global concern. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for the fecal carriage of drug-resistant E.

Genetic relatedness among azole-resistant Candida tropicalis clinical strains in Taiwan from 2014 to 2018.

To monitor trends in the distribution of yeast species and the susceptibilities of these species to commonly prescribed antifungal drugs, we conduct the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance of Yeasts (TSARY) every 4 years. We found that 25 of 294 Candida tropicalis isolates from TSARY 2014 and 31 of 314 C. tropicalis isolates from TSARY 2018 were resistant to fluconazole.

Risk Factors and Prevalence of -Positive in Fecal Carriages Among Community Children in Southern Taiwan.

Colistin is the last resort antimicrobial for treating multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. The plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, , crucially influences colistin's resistance transmission. Human fecal carriages of -positive were detected in many regions worldwide; however, only a few studies have focused on children.

Temporal Trend of ST131 Clone among Urinary Isolates in the Community: A Taiwan National Surveillance from 2002 to 2016.

Sequence type (ST) 131 is a multidrug-resistant pandemic lineage of responsible for extraintestinal infections. Few surveillance data of ST131 included all antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant isolates or focused on community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). From a population-based surveillance pool of 2997 outpatient urine isolates, 542 were selected for detection of ST131 based on ciprofloxacin and/or cefotaxime resistance.

Factors affecting fecal excretion time in pediatric nontyphoid Salmonella infection.

Background: This study investigated whether the appropriate antibiotics therapy affects the fecal excretion time in pediatric salmonellosis of different severities and explored the factors associated with the fecal excretion time of nontyphoid Salmonella.

Methods: Between 2012 and 2017, admitted children with nontyphoid salmonellosis who consented to receive consecutive stool cultures every 4-7 days until 2 consecutive negative results were obtained were enrolled. Patients were stratified into no, appropriate (bacteremia or severe patients receiving antibiotics active in vitro), and inappropriate antibiotics (patients with mild or moderate severity receiving antibiotics or severe receiving antibiotics resistant in vitro) therapy groups.

A Large Spatial Survey of Colistin-Resistant Gene -Carrying in Rivers across Taiwan.

Background: Colistin is one of the last-line antimicrobial agents against life-threatening infections. The distribution of the colistin resistance gene has been reported worldwide. However, most studies have focused on the distribution of -positive bacteria in humans, animals, food, and sewage; few have focused on their distribution in natural environments.

Bloodstream Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of sequence type (ST) 131 strains and outcome of cirrhotic patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBLEC) and non-extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (NESBLEC).

Methods: The incidence of ST 131 strains, hospital stay, and 30-day re-admission/mortality were compared between 51 ESBLEC and 51 NESBLEC bacteremic patients with cirrhosis.

Results: ST 131 strains were found in 35.

Adenovirus infection and subsequent risk of Kawasaki disease: A population-based cohort study.

Background: The relationship between adenovirus infection and Kawasaki disease (KD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between adenovirus infection and KD using a cohort study in Taiwan.

Methods: We used Taiwan National Health Insurance data (from 2000 to 2008) to conduct a population-based cohort study, analyzing children that was under 18 years of age.

Rectovaginal Colonization With Pathogenic During Pregnancy And Neonatal Outcomes.

Purpose: The role of pathogenic colonization in asymptomatic pregnant women is not well understood. The purpose of this work was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and neonatal outcomes of pathogenic colonization in pregnant women.

Patients And Methods: A total of 137 women from southern Taiwan with singleton pregnancies were enrolled between March 2016 and June 2017.

Prevalence and risk factors for colonization by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing or ST 131 among asymptomatic adults in community settings in Southern Taiwan.

Fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL-EC) is common in Asia, especially in China and Southeast Asia. There are no data about fecal carriage of ESBL-EC and -positive in Taiwan, and few studies focusing on the risk factors of asymptomatic fecal carriage of epidemic ST131 have been published. From healthy inhabitants attending health examinations at a medical center in southern Taiwan in 2017, we collected 724 stool samples, which were examined for ESBL-EC fecal carriage using chromogenic medium.

Bloodstream infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: The role of virulence genes.

Background: Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains hold the responsibility for the majority of E. coli infections. Numerous extraintestinal virulence factors (VFs) were possessed by ExPEC which are involved in the pathogenesis of infection.

Efficacy of φkm18p phage therapy in a murine model of extensively drug-resistant infection.

Purpose: Few effective antibiotics are available for treating extensively drug-resistant (XDRAB) sepsis. Phage therapy may show potential in treating XDRAB infections.

Materials And Methods: We studied φkm18p phage therapy in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice models of XDRAB bacteremia.

Fecal carriage of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli by community children in southern Taiwan.

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli), particularly E. coli sequence type ST131, is becoming a global concern.

Overexpression of CD164 in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma predicts a favourable prognosis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cluster of differentiation (CD) 164 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis among patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study retrospectively reviewed 70 patients with OSCC who underwent curative primary surgery. A number of patients subsequently received postoperative chemoradiotherapy although the specimens were not exposed to radiation or chemotherapy prior to anti-CD164 antibody immunohistochemical staining.