Epigenetic silencing schlafen-11 sensitizes esophageal cancer to ATM inhibitor.

Background: Targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a cutting-edge strategy. It has been reported that Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) contributes to increase chemosensitivity by participating in DDR. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear.

Chinese Consensus Report on Family-Based Infection Control and Management (2021 Edition).

Objective: infection is mostly a family-based infectious disease. To facilitate its prevention and management, a national consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and propose strategies for population-wide and family-based infection control and management to reduce the related disease burden.

Methods: Fifty-seven experts from 41 major universities and institutions in 20 provinces/regions of mainland China were invited to review evidence and modify statements using Delphi process and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system.

Initial meconium microbiome in Chinese neonates delivered naturally or by cesarean section.

Previous studies have revealed significant differences in microbiome compositions between infants delivered via cesarean section (C-section) and natural vaginal birth. However, the importance of the delivery mode in the first days of life remains unclear. Importantly, this stage is minimally affected by infant feeding.

Interleukin-13 suppresses interleukin-10 via inhibiting A20 in peripheral B cells of patients with food allergy.

The regulatory B cells (Breg) are important in the body immunity. The differentiation process of Breg is not fully understood yet. Ubiquitin A20 has immune regulatory functions.

Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced activation of xanthine oxidase in endothelial cells through the JAK2 signaling pathway.

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) appear to be one of the primary targets of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. In our previous study, we demonstrated that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exhibited a protective effect in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) subjected to H/R by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO) by reducing the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration increased in response to H/R. The precise mechanisms through which HGF inhibits XO activation remain to be determined.

Synergistic effects of curcumin and bevacizumab on cell signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of curcumin in combination with bevacizumab on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)/K-ras pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 30 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, model, curcumin, VEGF blocker, and curcumin + VEGF blocker groups. The mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR in all groups were subsequently measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression of K-ras was detected by western blot analysis.

Mitochondrial ATP 6 and 8 polymorphisms in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.

Aim: To investigate mitochondrial ATP 6 and 8 polymorphisms in the colon and ileum of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).

Methods: Twenty-eight patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS-D and 28 healthy subjects were investigated. All study participants underwent screening colonoscopy and mucosal biopsies were obtained from the colon and/or terminal ileum.

Down-regulated desmocollin-2 promotes cell aggressiveness through redistributing adherens junctions and activating beta-catenin signalling in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

In contrast to the well-recognized loss of adherens junctions in cancer progression, the role of desmosomal components in cancer development has not been well explored. We previously demonstrated that desmocollin-2 (DSC2), a desmosomal cadherin protein, is reduced in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is associated with enhanced tumour metastasis and poor prognosis. Here, we report that restoration of DSC2 in ESCC cells impeded cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, whereas siRNA-mediated suppression of DSC2 expression increased cell motility.

DACT2 is a candidate tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

In animals ranging from fish to mice, the function of DACT2 as a negative regulator of the TGF-β/Nodal signal pathway is conserved in evolution, indicating that it might play an important role in human cancer. In this study, we showed that tumors with higher DACT2 protein level were correlated with better differentiation and better survival rate in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Restored expression of DACT2 significantly inhibited growth, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells in vitro, and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo.

Aquaporin 8 expression is reduced and regulated by microRNAs in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with differential expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC by regulating the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and control crucial physiological processes. This study aimed to identify aquaporin 8 (AQP8) expression and its relationship with miRNA in UC patients.

Epigenetic regulation of Wnt signaling pathway gene SRY-related HMG-box 17 in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: SRY-related HMG-box 17 (SOX17) encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. Recently, it was considered as a tumor suppressor gene to inhibit canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in several malignancies. However, the function of SOX17 in thyroid cancer was unknown.

Diagnosis of gastric intraepithelial neoplasia by narrow-band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnosis of different differentiated gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) by magnification endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE).

Methods: Eligible patients with suspected gastric IN lesions previously diagnosed by endoscopy in secondary hospitals and scheduled for further diagnosis and treatment were recruited for this study. Excluded from the study were patients who had liver cirrhosis, impaired renal function, acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, coagulopathy, esophageal varices, jaundice, and GI post-surgery.

[The role of hypermethylation in promoter region of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 in human esophageal cancer].

Objective: To study the association of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) promoter region methylation with human esophageal cancer.

Methods: Promoter region methylation of UCHL1 was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP) in esophageal cancer cell lines and tissue samples. The expression of UCHL1 was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot in esophageal cancer cell lines.

FHL2 inhibits the Id3-promoted proliferation and invasive growth of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Background: Id3 plays a key role in the progression of breast cancer. Previously, four and a half LIM protein (FHL2) was identified as a repressor of Id family proteins by interacting with them. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FHL2 on the transcriptional regulation and oncogenic activities of Id3 in human breast cancer cells.

XAF1 is frequently methylated in human esophageal cancer.

Aim: To explore epigenetic changes in the gene encoding X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis-associated factor 1 (XAF1) during esophageal carcinogenesis.

Methods: Methylation status of XAF1 was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) in four esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE30, KYSE70, BIC1 and partially methylated in TE3 cell lines), nine cases of normal mucosa, 72 cases of primary esophageal cancer and matched adjacent tissue. XAF1 expression was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting before and after treatment with 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dc), a demethylating agent.

ABO blood type, diabetes and risk of gastrointestinal cancer in northern China.

Aim: To explore the potential risk factors related to gastrointestinal cancer in northern China.

Methods: A total of 3314 cases of gastrointestinal cancer (esophageal, gastric, pancreatic and biliary) and 2223 controls (including healthy individuals, glioma and thyroid cancer) were analyzed by case-control study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between different cancers and hepatitis B surface antigen, sex, age, blood type, diabetes, or family history of cancer.

RACK1 suppresses gastric tumorigenesis by stabilizing the β-catenin destruction complex.

Background & Aims: Dysregulation of Wnt signaling has been involved in gastric tumorigenesis by mechanisms that are not fully understood. The receptor for activated protein kinase C (RACK1, GNB2L1) is involved in development of different tumor types, but its expression and function have not been investigated in gastric tumors.

Methods: We analyzed expression of RACK1 in gastric tumor samples and their matched normal tissues from 116 patients using immunohistochemistry.

Cytoplasmic HDPR1 is involved in regional lymph node metastasis and tumor development via beta-catenin accumulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate HDPR1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the relationship between HDPR1 and beta-catenin by immunohistochemical analysis. The clinical relevance of these proteins was also analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 184 ESCC patients to detect the expression of HDPR1 and beta-catenin.

Silence of HIN-1 expression through methylation of its gene promoter in gastric cancer.

Aim: To clarify the role of high in normal-1 (HIN-1) gene promoter methylation during gastric cancer development.

Methods: Gastric cancer cell lines and tissue specimens were analyzed for expression of HIN-1 mRNA and protein using the semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The methylation of the HIN-1 gene promoter was detected in gastric carcinoma cells and tissues using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer.

Developing esophageal cancer is a multi-step process that begins with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, and leads to the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In addition to genetic alteration, epigenetic modifications, and in particular DNA methylation, are recognized as a common molecular alteration in human tumors. In esophageal cancer, aberrant methylation of promoter regions occurs not only in advanced cancer, but also in premalignant lesions.

[Effects of S-adenosylmethionine on gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823].

Objective: To observe the effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) on cell proliferation, cell cycles, apoptosis and invasive capacity of gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823 and detect the methylation status and expression of c-myc and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).

Methods: The effect of SAM on proliferation of SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were determined by MTT assay. SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells were treated with different concentrations of SAM (0, 2, 4 mmol/L) for 72 h.

Inhibitory effect of S-adenosylmethionine on the growth of human gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro.

Background And Objective: S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the most important methyl donor in human body, is generally used to treat cholestasis in clinic. In recent years, SAM has been found to have inhibitory effects on breast cancer, liver cancer and colon carcinoma. This study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of SAM on human gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, and the antitumor mechanisms.

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): current status and challenges.

Objective: To give a conceptual description of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), review the early efforts in the NOTES field, and discuss its challenges and limitations.

Data Sources: The data were retrieved mainly from publications listed in MEDLINE, PubMed and China Wanfang Database from 2005 to 2009. The search term was "NOTES".